Günter Nimtz

Günter Nimtz (1936) is a German physicist. Working at the 2nd Physics Institute at the University of Cologne ("Universität zu Köln") in Germany, he has been conducting experiments that purport to show that under certain conditions, particles may travel faster than the speed of light ("c").

Vita

Günter Nimtz studied electrical engineering. He graduated from the University of Vienna and became a professor of physics at the University of Cologne in 1983. He achieved emeritus status in 2001. At present, he is teaching and doing fundamental research at the University of Koblenz-Landau.

Quantum tunnelling

He and his coauthors have been publishing papers on this subject since 1992, cite journal | url=http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20000610/fob7.asp | title=Light pulses flout sacrosanct speed limit | author=Peter Weiss | journal=Science News | volume=157 | issue=24 | date=June 10, 2000 | pages=375 | doi=10.2307/4012354 | format=dead link|date=June 2008 – ^{[http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=author%3A+intitle%3ALight+pulses+flout+sacrosanct+speed+limit&as_publication=Science+News&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&btnG=Search Scholar search]} ] which involve light beams, prisms, and mirrors.

1994 Nimtz and Horst Aichmann shown an experiment at the laboratories of Hewlett-Packard using microwaves through a straitened passage of a waveguide. Nimtz says that the Frequency modulated (FM) signals transports the 40th symphony of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 4.7 times faster than light due to the effect of quantum tunnelling.

In a 2007 paper [cite web | title=Macroscopic violation of special relativity | author=G. Nimtz, A. A. Stahlhofen | work=arXiv | date=Submitted on 5 Aug 2007 | url=http://arxiv.org/abs/0708.0681v1 ] described an experiment which sent a beam of microwaves towards a pair of prisms. The angle provided for total internal reflection and setting up an evanescent wave. Because the second prism was close to the first prism, some light leaked across that gap. The transmitted and reflected waves arrived at detectors at the same time, despite the transmitted light having also traversed the distance of the gap. This is the basis for the assertion of faster-than-c transmission of information.

However, Chris Lee has stated that there is no new physics involved here, and that the apparent faster-than-c transmission can be explained by carefully considering how the time of arrival is measured (whether the group velocity or some other measure). Unfortunately, Lee missed in his statements two items: (i) The authors did not claim to present a new experiment, but to present a new interpretation of known experiments; (ii) evanescent photons are to be identified with virtual photons which can move any way they please. The experiments thus confirmed theoretical QED-based predictions made 30 years ago. [cite web | title=Latest "faster than the speed of light" claims wrong (again) | url=http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070816-faster-than-the-speed-of-light-no-i-dont-think-so.html | author=Chris Lee | date=2007-08-16] . A recent paper by Herbert Winful [cite web | title=Comment on "Macroscopic violation of special relativity" by Nimtz and Stahlhofen | url=http://arxiv.org/abs/0709.2736 | author=Herbert Winful| date=2007-09-18] points out the errors in Nimtz' interpretation [cite web | title=Macroscopic violation of special relativity | author=G. Nimtz, A. A. Stahlhofen | work=arXiv | date=Submitted on 5 Aug 2007 | url=http://arxiv.org/abs/0708.0681v1 ] . The article goes on to show that, in reality, far from contradicting special relativity, Nimtz has rather provided a trivial experimental confirmation for it.

Aephraim M. Steinberg [http://www.physics.utoronto.ca/~aephraim/aephraim.html] of the University of Toronto has also stated that Nimtz has not demonstrated causality violation (which would be implied by transmitting information faster than light). Steinberg also uses a classical argument ignoring like Lee the quantum mechanical character of evanescent photons.

The understanding of Nimtz and Stahlhoven is that tunneling is the one and only observed violation of special relativity [cite web | title=Universal tunneling time for all fields | url=http://link.aip.org/link/?APCPCS/977/310/1 | author=G. Nimtz, A. A. Stahlhofen | journal=American Institute of Physics | date=2008-04-21] but that is not a violation of causality: due to the temporal extent of every signal it is impossible to transport information into the past. They say that tunneling can be explained with virtual photons like Richard P. Feynman predicted. [cite web | title=Die Ausnahme von Einsteins Regel: Forscher schicken Teilchen in Räume ohne Zeit | url=http://rhein-zeitung.de/on/07/10/02/news/science/r/tunneln-1.html?a | author=G. Nimtz, A. Stahlhofen | journal=Rhein-Zeitung | date=2007-10-02]

Industrial research and development

In 1993 Günter Nimtz and Achim Enders invented a novel absorber for electromagnetic chambers. It is based on a 10 nano meter thick metal film placed on an incombustible pyramidal carrier. Compared with the classical carbon foam absorber, it is not toxic, incombustible and environmentally compatible. The absorber is patented and used world-wide.

References

External links

* [http://www.ph2.uni-koeln.de/Nimtz/pub/paper-list.html Papers published by Prof Nimtz (including some full text .pdf files).]
*G. Nimtz, A. Haibel, and R.-M. Vetter "The Superluminal Features of Tunnelling". Proceedings of the International Conference 'Time's Arrows, Quantum Measurement and Superluminal Behavior, Naples, 2000', editors D. Mugnai, A Ranfagni, and L.S. Schulman (2001), ISBN 88-8080-024-8
* [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2007/08/16/scispeed116.xml 'We have broken speed of light']

*A. Haibel, G. Nimtz, A. A. Stahlhofen "Frustrated total reflection: The double-prisms revisited", Physical Review E, Vol. 63, 047601 (2001)

* G. Nimtz "On superluminal tunneling", Progress in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 27, pp. 417-450 (2003)
* D. Müller, D. Tharanga, A.A. Stahlhofen, " Nonspecular shifts of microwaves in parital reflection" Europhysics Letters, Vol. 73, pp. 526-532 (2006)

* A.A. Stahlhofen, G. Nimtz, "Evenescent modes are virtual photons", Europhysics Letters, Vol. 76, pp. 189-195 (2006)

* G. Nimtz "Do Evenescent Modes violate Relativistic Causality" Lecture Notes in Physics, Vol. 702, pp. 509-534, (2006)
* [http://link.aip.org/link/?APCPCS/977/310/1 G. Nimtz, A.A. Stahlhofen, "Evanescent Modes and Tunneling Instantaneously Act at a Distance" AIP Proceedings in press (2008)]