Arthur Emmons Raymond

Arthur Emmons Raymond

Arthur Emmons Raymond (March 24, 1899, Boston Massachusetts – March 22, 1999, Santa Monica, California) was an aeronautical engineer who led the team that designed the DC-3.

Raymond grew up in Pasadena, California, the son of the owner of a luxury hotel. He completed a B.A. at Harvard University, and a M.S. [ [http://library.mit.edu/F/4C48IAU5U86KQ49D55YEPN3IDSB4IN294JHI3AAUVXJP83BAIG-53442?func=find-acc&acc_sequence=000308601 Entry from MIT library archive.] ] in aeronautical engineering at MIT in 1921.

Raymond spent his entire career at the Douglas Aircraft Company. Beginning as a metal fitter, he rose to the rank of Chief Engineer, contributing to the design of all Douglas airliners from the DC-2 to the DC-8. During World War II, he helped managed the huge effort that produced tens of thousands of aircraft for that war.

Raymond is best known as the lead designer of the DC-3, "The Plane That Changed the World," the first airliner that could break even hauling passengers without a government subsidy and without carrying mail. The military equivalent of the DC-3 was the C-47. In Europe, the DC-3 was known as the "Dakota." Raymond's grandson Stephen has said: "In the DC-3, he did almost everything. He knew every bolt and screw in that plane." About 10,600 DC-3s and C-47s were eventually built between 1934 and 1945, making it the most produced airliner of all time. At the time of Raymond's death, about 2,000 DC-3s were still flying and about 400 were still in commercial service.

After retiring from Douglas in 1960, NASA put Raymond in charge of supervising the outside contractors on Project Gemini and Project Apollo until 1969. When Boeing and other aerospace firms proposed in the late 1960s to build a supersonic airliner with substantial subsidies from the US government, Raymond argued that the plane was not commercially viable. The USA government ceased subsidizing the design of the American supersonic transport in 1971, whereupon it died.

At the end of WWII, Raymond proposed to the USAF that they create an organization to think about intercontinental warfare. That organization became the Rand Corporation, of which he was a founding member. He was also a founding member of the National Academy of Engineering. [http://www.nae.edu/nae/naehome.nsf/weblinks/NAEW-4NHMJ7?OpenDocument] In 1991 he received the National Air and Space Museum Lifetime Achievement Trophy.

He died just 2 days before his 100th birthday.

Stephen Raymond said of his grandfather: "He was always known as the kind of person who spoke truth to power. They depended on him to unearth the things that were wrong from the spinmeisters who were saying everything was dandy." [ [http://www.mishalov.com/Raymond.html Obituary from "New York Times"] ]

References

External links

* [http://www.rand.org/about/history/ RAND Corporation history page]
* [http://www.mishalov.com/Raymond.html Obituary from "New York Times"]
* [http://www.nae.edu/nae/naehome.nsf/weblinks/NAEW-4NHMJ7?OpenDocument Founding Member List of National Academy of Engineering]


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Raymond, Arthur Emmons — ▪ 2000       American engineer who was the leader of the group at Douglas Aircraft Co. that designed the DC 3, which became one of the most popular and most durable airplanes ever; he also helped design the DC 4, DC 6, DC 7, and DC 8 planes, was… …   Universalium

  • Raymond, California — Raymond is an unincorporated area of fewer than 1,000 residents in Madera County, California. It is located approximately convert|20|mi|km north of Madera at Green Mountain Road and Road 600.The area was either named for T. Raymond of Raymond… …   Wikipedia

  • Raymond Hotel (Pasadena, California) — The Raymond Hotel was the first and most premier of the hotels in Pasadena which, for the most part, served as a winter residence for wealthy easterners. It was built by Mr. Walter Raymond of Raymond Whitcomb Travel Agency of Boston, Mass. The… …   Wikipedia

  • Raymond Hatton — est un acteur américain, né le 7 juillet 1887 à Red Oak, dans l Iowa, et décédé le 21 octobre 1971 à Palmdale, en Californie (États Unis). Biographie Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. Votre aide… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Arthur Raymond Robinson — Infobox Politician name =Arthur Raymond Robinson order = caption = office =United States Senator term start =October 20, 1926 term end =January 3, 1935; lieutenant = predecessor =Samuel M. Ralston successor =Sherman Minton birth date= March 12,… …   Wikipedia

  • List of founding members of the National Academy of Engineering — This is a list of the founding members of the United States National Academy of Engineering.* Hendrik Wade Bode * Walker Lee Cisler * Hugh Latimer Dryden * Elmer William Engstrom * William Littell Everitt * Antoine Marc Gaudin * Michael Lawrence… …   Wikipedia

  • Douglas XFD — XFD Role Fighter National origin United States …   Wikipedia

  • List of Olympic medalists in shooting — This is the complete list of Olympic medalists in shooting from 1900 to 2008. See also: Shooting at the Summer Olympics and Lists of Olympic medalists Contents 1 Current program 1.1 Men 1.1.1 50 metre rifle three positions …   Wikipedia

  • Liste der Olympiasieger im Schießen/Medaillengewinner — Olympiasieger Schießen Übersicht Medaillengewinner Medaillengewinnerinnen …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • List of World War II aces from the United States — This is a list of fighter aces in World War II from United States. For other countries see List of World War II aces by country A *Robert Wilson Abernathy (USAAF) *Fred F. Ackerman *Burnell W. Adams *Charles E. Adams Jr. *Fletcher E. Adams… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”