Cephalosporium gramineum

Hymenula cerealis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Phylum:	Ascomycota
Class:	Ascomycetes
Subclass:	Incertae sedis
Order:	Incertae sedis
Family:	Incertae sedis
Genus:	Hymenula
Species:	H. cerealis
Binomial name
Hymenula cerealis Ellis & Everh., (1894)
Synonyms
Cephalosporium gramineum Nisik. & Ikata, (1934) Phialophora cerealis (Ellis & Everh.) Nirenberg & Dalchow, (1990)

Cephalosporium gramineum or Hymenula cerealis is a plant pathogen that causes Cephalosporium Stripe of Wheat and other grasses. It was first reported in Japan in 1930.^[1] The disease can cause yield losses of up to 50% by causing death of tillers and reducing seed production and seed size.^[1] The disease causes broad yellow or brown stripes along the length of the leaf and discolouration of the leaf veins.^[1] The fungus spreads through the soil, and enters the plant through wounds in its roots.^[1] Early planting of winter wheat when the soil is warm gives a greater root system more subject to root breakage when the soil heaves affording more infection sites. Phosphate fertilizer and high moisture further exacerbates this condition.^[2][3] The symptoms are caused by the fungus' invasion of the plants vascular tissue.^[4] The fungus also produces a toxin which causes stunting of the plant and interferes with development.^[5] A glucopolysaccharide also appears to inhibit fluid movement in wheat.^[6]

There is very little natural resistance to the disease in wheat, control measures include crop rotation for 2–3 years in areas where the disease has become a particular problem.^[1][4] Currently there are no options for controlling the disease through the use of fungicides.^[5]

External links

• Index Fungorum
• USDA ARS Fungal Database

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Lipps, Patrick. "Cephalosporium Stripe of Wheat". The Ohio State University. http://ohioline.osu.edu/ac-fact/0009.html. Retrieved 2008-09-21. 
2. ^ Pool & Sharp, Phytopahology: 57:1008 (1966)
3. ^ Pool & Sharp; Plant Disease Reporter 53(11):898 (1969)
4. ^ ^{a b} Maloy, Otis; Inglis, Debra (2000). "Cephalosporium Stripe". Washington State University. http://pnw-ag.wsu.edu/smallgrains/Cephalosporium%20Stripe.html. Retrieved 2008-09-21. 
5. ^ ^{a b} Karrow, R.S.; Powelson, R.L. and Koepsell, P.A. (1993). "Cephalosporium Stripe". Oregon State University. http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/html/fs/fs308/. Retrieved 2008-09-21. ^{[dead link]}
6. ^ Pool, R.A.F. & Sharp, E.L., Phytopahtology:59(11),1763 (1969)