Lake Peigneur

Infobox lake
lake_name = Lake Peigneur
image_lake =
caption_lake =
image_bathymetry =
caption_bathymetry =
location = Louisiana
coords = coord|29.9808|N|91.9833|W|type:waterbody_region:US|display=inline,title
type =
inflow = estimated 8.47 cubic feet per second from catchment
outflow = unknown to Delcambre Canal
catchment = convert|10.2|sqmi|km2|0 of the Vermilion-Teche Basin
basin_countries = United States
length =
width =
area = convert|1125|acre|km2|0
depth = convert|3|ft|m|0
max-depth = convert|200|ft|m|0
volume =
residence_time =
shore =
elevation =
islands =
cities =
frozen =

Lake Peigneur (Cajun French for "comber", relating to someone who works with wool in the process of weaving fabricFact|date=October 2007) is located in the U.S. State of Louisiana 2 kilometres north of Delcambre about 15 kilometres west of New Iberia, near the northernmost tip of Vermilion Bay.

History

The lake was a convert|10|ft|m|0|sing=on deep freshwater lake popular with sportsmen until an unusual man-made disaster on November 20 1980 changed the structure of the lake and surrounding land. [http://home.versatel.nl/the_sims/rig/lakepeigneur.htm Lake Peigneur - Oil rig disasters - Offshore Drilling Rig Accidents] ] [http://members.tripod.com/~earthdude1/texaco/texaco.html Lake Peigneur Disaster] ] [http://www.epa.gov/Region6/6wq/npdes/tmdl/latmdl/ftn_lakepeigneur.pdf Lake Peigneyr TMDLS for dissolved oxygen and nutrients] EPA 2002 report]

Disaster

In 1980, when the disaster would take place, the Diamond Crystal Salt Company operated the Jefferson Island salt mine under the lake, while a Texaco oil rig drilled down from the surface of the lake searching for petroleum. Due to a miscalculation, the 14-inch drill bit entered the mine, starting a remarkable chain of events which at the time turned an almost 10 foot deep freshwater lake into a salt water lake with a deep hole.

It is difficult to determine exactly what occurred, as all of the evidence was destroyed or washed away in the ensuing maelstrom. The now generally accepted explanation is that a miscalculation by Texaco regarding their location resulted in the drill puncturing the roof of the third level of the mine. This created an opening in the bottom of the lake, similar to removing the drain plug from a bathtub. The lake then drained into the hole, expanding the size of that hole as the soil and salt were washed into the mine by the rushing water, filling the enormous caverns left by the removal of salt over the years. The resultant whirlpool sucked in the drilling platform, eleven barges, many trees and 65 acres of the surrounding terrain. Leonce Viator, Jr., a local fisherman, was able to drive his small boat to the shore and tie it up to a tree, and get out, to later watch it and the tree get sucked down. So much water drained into those caverns that the flow of the Delcambre Canal that usually empties the lake into Vermilion Bay was reversed, making the canal a temporary inlet. This backflow created, for a few days, the tallest waterfall ever in the state of Louisiana, at convert|164|ft|m|0, as the lake refilled with salt water from the Delcambre Canal and Vermilion Bay. The water downflowing into the mine caverns displaced air which erupted as compressed air and then later as 400 foot geysers up through the mineshafts.History Channel]

Remarkably, there were no injuries and no human lives lost in this dramatic event. All 55 employees in the mine at the time of the accident were able to escape thanks to well-planned and rehearsed evacuation drills, or through heroic efforts by co-workers. The staff of the drilling rig fled the platform before it was sucked down into the new depths of the lake. Three dogs were reported killed, however. Days after the disaster, once the water pressure equalized, nine of the eleven sunken barges popped out of the whirlpool and refloated on the lake's surface.

alinity

The lake had salt water , not as a result of water entering the salt mine, but from the salt water from the Delcambre Canal and Vermilion Bay, which are naturally salt or brackish water. The event permanently affected the ecosystem of the lake by changing the lake from freshwater to saltwater and increasing the depth of part of the lake. The biology of the lake was taken into account as salt water plants and wildlife were introduced over time, replacing what was there before. Fact|date=October 2007

Aftermath

The drilling company, Texaco and Wilson Brothers paid $32 million to Diamond Crystal and $12.8 million to nearby Live Oak Gardens in out-of-court settlements to compensate for the damage caused. The mine was finally closed in December 1986.

Since 1994 AGL Resources has been using Lake Peigneur’s underlying salt dome as a Storage and Hub facility for pressurized natural gas. [http://www.aglresources.com/about/jish_qa.aspx Jefferson Island Storage and Hub Q & A] AGL resources, 2007, (map of lake showing current and planned gas caverns)] [http://www.aglresources.com/pressroom/news_details.aspx?releaseID=774250&earn=1 AGL Resources Seeking Customer Interest in Project to Expand Jefferson Island Storage & Hub Facility] Press Release, 2005-10-27]

See also

* Lake Beloye (Nizhny Novgorod Oblast)

References

* Gold, Michael. "Who Pulled the Plug on Lake Peigneur?", Science 81, November 1981, 56.

External links

* [http://home.versatel.nl/the_sims/rig/lakepeigneur.htm Oil rig disasters - Lake Peigneur]
* [http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=6 Lake Peigneur: The Swirling Vortex of Doom]
* [http://www.educatedearth.net/video.php?id=2823 Lake Peigneur: The Swirling Vortex of Doom Video]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4Of8cm0kS8 History Channel segment about Lake Peigneur on YouTube]