Bald's Leechbook

The "Leechbook" of Bald is an Old English medical text probably compiled in the ninth-century, possibly under the influence of Alfred the Great's educational reforms.Nokes, Richard Scott ‘The several compilers of Bald’s Leechbook’ in "Anglo-Saxon England" 33 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, pp. 51-76]

It takes its name from a Latin verse colophon at the end of the second book which begins "Bald habet hunc librum Cild quem conscribere iussit", meaning "Bald owns this book which he ordered Cild to compile."

The text survives in only one manuscript: London, British Library, Royal 12, D xvii. [Ker, N. R. "Catalogue of Manuscripts Containing Anglo-Saxon", Oxford: 1957, Reprint with addenda 1990. Item 264.]

Contents of the MS

* ff. 1-6^v Table of Contents to Leechbook i; pr. Cockayne vol. 2, pp. 2-16
* ff. 6^v-58^v Leechbook i; pr. Cockayne vol. 2, pp. 18-156
* ff. 58^v-65 Table of Contents to Leechbook ii; pr Cockayne vol. 2, pp.158-174
* ff. 65-109 Leechbook ii; 68 recipes. pr Cockayne 176-298. Cockayne provides missing chapter between 56 and 64 from London, BL, Harley 55. Chapter 64 is glossed as having been sent along with exotic medicines from Patriarch Elias of Jerusalem to Alfred the Great, which is the basis for the book's association with the Alfredian court.
* f. 109 A metrical Latin Colophon naming Bald as the owner of the book, and Cild as the compiler.
* ff. 109-127^v "Leechbook iii." A collection of 73 medicinal recipes not associated with Bald due to its location after the metrical colophon.
* ff. 127^v-end "De urinis" ?

The Organisation of Bald's "Leechbook"

Both books are organised in a head-to-foot order, but the first book deals with external maladies, the second with internal disorders. Cameron notes that "This separation of external and internal diseases may be unique in medieval medical texts". [Cameron, M. L., "Anglo-Saxon Medicine", Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 7, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, p 42.]

Cameron notes that "in Bald's "Leechbook" is the only plastic surgery mentioned in Anglo-Saxon records". [Cameron, M. L., "Anglo-Saxon Medicine", Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 7, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, p. 169.] The recipe in particular prescribes surgery for a hare lip, Leechbook i, chapter 13 (pr Cockayne p 56).

Cameron also notes that of the Old English Medical compilations "Leechbook" iii reflects most closely the medical practice of the Anglo-Saxons while they were still relatively free of Mediterranean influences," in contrast to Bald's Leechbook which "shows a conscious effort to transfer to Anglo-Saxon practice what one physician considered most useful in native and Mediterranean medicine," and the "Lacnunga", which is "a sort of common place book with no other apparent aim than to record whatever items of medical interest came to the scribe's attention". [Cameron, M. L., "Anglo-Saxon Medicine", Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 7, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, p. 35.]

Published Editions

Cockayne, T. O., "Leechdoms Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England Being a Collection of Documents, for the Most Part Never Before Printed Illustrating the History of Science in this Country Before the Norman Conquest", 3 vols., London: Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores (Rolls Series) 35 i–iii, 1864–6 (reprint 1965) vol. 2.

Leonhardi, "Kleinere angelsächsische Denkmäler I", Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Prosa 6, Kassel, 1905.

Wright, C. E., ed., "Bald’s Leechbook: British Museum Royal manuscript 12 D.xvii", with appendix by R. Quirk. Early English Manuscripts in Facsimile 5, Copenhagen : Rosenkilde and Bagger, 1955

ee also

* Meaney, A. L. 'Variant Versions of Old English Medical Remedies and the Compilation of Bald's "Leechbook", "Anglo-Saxon England" 13 (1984) pp. 235-68.

* Payne, J. F., "English Medicine in Anglo-Saxon Times", Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1904.

* Pettit, E. "Anglo-Saxon Remedies, Charms, and Prayers from British Library MS Harley 585: The ‘Lacnunga’", 2 vols., Lewiston and Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press, 2001. [Edition, with translation and commentary, of an Anglo-Saxon medical compendium that includes many variant versions of remedies also found in Bald's "Leechbook".]

References