Paul Harteck

Infobox_Scientist
name = Paul Harteck


image_width =
caption = Paul Harteck
birth_date = birth date|1902|7|20
birth_place = Vienna, Austria
residence =
nationality =
death_date = death date and age|1985|1|22|1902|7|20
death_place = Santa Barbara, United States)
field = physical chemistry
work_institution = University of Breslau,

alma_mater = Humboldt University of Berlin
doctoral_advisor = Max Bodenstein
doctoral_students =
known_for =
prizes =
religion =
footnotes =

Paul Karl Maria Harteck (20 July 1902 in Vienna, Austria – 22 January 1985 in Santa Barbara, California) was a German physical chemist. He was arrested by the allied British and American Armed Forces and incarcerated at Farm Hall for six months in 1945 under Operation Epsilon.

Education

Harteck studied chemistry at the University of Vienna and the Humboldt University of Berlin from 1921 to 1924. He received his doctorate at the latter under Max Bodenstein in 1926. From 1926 to 1928 he was A. Eucken’s teaching assistant at the University of Breslau. [ Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Paul Harteck.]

Career

From 1928 to 1933, Harteck was a staff scientist at the KWI für physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie (KWIPC) (Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Elektrochemistry) located in Dahlem-Berlin, where he worked with Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer on experiments on parahydrogen and orthohydrogen. While at the KWIPC, he competed his Habilitation in 1931 at the Humboldt University of Berlin. [ Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Paul Harteck.]

In 1933, Harteck went to do research with Ernest Rutherford at the University of Cambridge. Upon his return from England in 1934, he became an ordinarius professor and director of the physical chemistry department at the University of Hamburg. From 1937, he was an advisor to the Heereswaffenamt (HWA, Army Ordnance Office). In April 1939, along with his teaching assistant Wilhelm Groth, Harteck made contact with the Reichskriegsministerium (RKM, Reich Ministry of War) to alert them to the potential of military applications of nuclear chain reactions. From that year, his department as a whole did research for the HWA, with emphasis on uranium isotope separation. From 1940, with Hans Suess, his focus was on the use of heavy water as a neutron moderator. In 1941, his department constructed a conversion unit for Norsk Hydro for the catalytic production of heavy water. In 1942, especially with the help of Werner Heisenberg, Harteck circumvented an appointment in Russia. In February 1943, Harteck and his colleage Johannes Jensen suggested a new type of centrifugal isotope separation, which was adopted by the Anschütz Company. In late spring 1945, Harteck was arrested by the allied British and American Armed Forces and incarcerated at Farm Hall for six months under Operation Epsilon. In 1946, upon his return from incarceration, he became director of the chemistry department at the University, a position he held until 1950. [ Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Paul Harteck.] [ [http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0206076v1 Heavy Water] - Chris Waltham "An Early History of Heavy Water" (University of British Columbia, 2002)]

In 1951, Harteck became a resident professor at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, where he taught until 1968. [ [http://web.mit.edu/redingtn/www/netadv/FCharteck.html Harteck] - MIT] [ Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Paul Harteck.]

Internal Reports

The following reports were published in "Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte" ("Research Reports in Nuclear Physics"), an internal publication of the German " Uranverein". The reports were classified Top Secret, they had very limited distribution, and the authors were not allowed to keep copies. The reports were confiscated under the Allied Operation Alsos and sent to the United States Atomic Energy Commission for evaluation. In 1971, the reports were declassified and returned to Germany. The reports are available at the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center and the American Institute of Physics. [ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix E; see the entry for "Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte".] [ Walker, 1993, 268-274.]

*Paul Harteck, Johannes Jensen, Friedrich Knauer, and Hans Suess "Über die Bremsung, die Diffusion und den Einfang von Neutronen in fester Kohlensäure und über ihren Einfang in Uran" G-36 (19 August 1940)

*Paul Harteck "Die Producktion von schwerem Wasser" G-86 (December 1941)

*Paul Harteck "Die Trennung der Uranisotope" G-88 (December 1941)

*Paul Harteck and Johannes Jensen "Der Thermodiffuionseffekt im Zusammenspiel mit der Konvektion durch mechanisch bewegte Wände und Vergleich mit der Thermosiphonwirkung" G-89 (18 February 1941)

*Paul Harteck "Die Gewinnung von schwerem Wasser" G-154 (26 February 1942)

*Paul Harteck and Johannes Jensen "Berechnung des Trenneffektes und der Ausbeute verschiedener Zentrifugenanordnungen zur Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades einer einzelnen Zentrifuge" G-158 (February 1943)

*Paul Harteck, Johannes Jensen, and Albert Suhr "Über den Zusammenhang zwischen Ausbeute und Trennschärfe bei der Niederdruckkolonne" G-159

*Paul Harteck "Paul Harteck’s Institute Papers, Volume 1-6" G-341

elected Literature

*A. Farkas, L. Farkas, P. Harteck "Experiments on Heavy Hydrogen. II. The Ortho-Para Conversion", "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A." Vol. 144, No. 852, pp. 481-493 (Mar. 29, 1934)

* M. L. E. Oliphant, P. Harteck, Lord Rutherford "Transmutation Effects Observed with Heavy Hydrogen", "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A." Vol. 144, No. 853, pp. 692-703 (May 1, 1934)

Books

*K. F. Bonhoeffer and P. Harteck, "Grundlagen Der PhotoChemie" (Verlag Von Theodor Steinkopff, 1933)

Bibliography

*Bernstein, Jeremy "Hitler’s Uranium Club: The Secret Recording’s at Farm Hall" (Copernicus, 2001) ISBN 0-387-95089-3

*Hentschel, Klaus, editor and Ann M. Hentschel, editorial assistant and Translator "Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources" (Birkhäuser, 1996) ISBN 0-8176-5312-0

*Schaaf, Michael "Der Physikochemiker Paul Harteck (1902-1985)" Dissertation (Stuttgart, 1999, published as: CENSIS-REPORT-33-99, Hamburg

*Schaaf, Michael "Schweres Wasser und Zentrifugen: Paul Harteck in Hamburg (1934 – 1951)" [http://censis.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/publications/Art_M_Schaaf_Harteck.pdf (24 July 2003)]

*Walker, Mark "German National Socialism and the Quest for Nuclear Power 1939–1949" (Cambridge, 1993) ISBN 0-521-43804-7

External links

* [http://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/Preprints/P203.PDF MPIWG] - Horst Kant "Werner Heisenberg and the German Uranium Project" (MPIWG, 2002)

References