Caesarean text-type

Caesarean text-type is the term proposed by certain scholars to denote a consistent pattern of variant readings that is claimed to be apparent in certain Greek manuscripts of the four Gospels, but which is not found in any of the other commonly recognized New Testament text-types; the Byzantine text-type, the Western text-type and the Alexandrian text-type. In particular a common text-type has been proposed to be found: in the ninth/tenth century Codex Koridethi; in Minuscule 1 (a Greek manuscript of the Gospels used, sparingly, by Erasmus in his 1516 printed Greek New Testament); and in those Gospel quotations found in the third century works of Origen of Alexandria, which were written after he had settled in Caesarea. [Kirsopp Lake, Codex 1 of the Gospels and its Allies (TS 7; Cambridge: UP, 1902); B.H. Streeter, The Four Gospels: A Study of Origins Treating of the Manuscript Tradition, Sources, Authorship, & Dates (1st ed., 1924; 2d ed., London: Macmillan, 1926). ] The early translations of the Gospels in Armenian and Georgian also appear to witness to many of the proposed characteristic Caesarean readings, as do the small group of minuscule manuscripts classed as Family 1 and Family 13.

Description

A particularly distinctive common reading of the proposed text-type is in Matthew 27:16-17, where the bandit released by Pontius Pilate instead of Jesus is named as "Jesus Barabbas" rather than — with all other surviving witnesses — just "Barabbas". Origen notes particularly that the form "Jesus Barabbas" was common in manuscripts in Caesarea, whereas he had not found this reading in his previous residence in Alexandria. Otherwise the Caesarean readings have a mildly paraphrastic tendency that seems to place them between the more concise Alexandrian, and the more expansive Western text-types. None of the surviving Caesarean manuscripts is claimed to witness a pure type of text, as all appear to have been to some degree assimilated with readings from the Byzantine text-type.

Some writers have questioned the validity of this grouping, claiming that the classification is the result of poor research. Insofar as the Caesarean text-type does exist (in Matt, Luke and John is not well defined), then it does so only in the Gospels, the proposed Caesarean witnesses do not appear to have any common distinctive readings in the rest of the New Testament. Some of Caesarean manuscripts have so-caled Jerusalem Colophon.

Caesarean text-type was discovered and named by Burnett Hillman Streeter in 1924.

Classification

H. von Soden — Iota (Jerusalem) (I), in part (most strong "Caesarean" witnesses are found in Soden's I^α group, with family 1 being his I^η and family 13 being I^ι.)

F.G. Kenyon — Gamma (γ)

M. J. Lagrange — C

Witnesses

See also

;Other text-types
* Alexandrian text-type
* Western text-type
* Byzantine text-type ;Subgroups of the Caesarean text-type
* Family 1
* Family 13

References

Sources

* [http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/TextTypes.html Text Types And Textual Kinship] - from the "Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism"
* [http://www.bible-researcher.com/kenyon/sotb14.html Concerning the "Caesarean Text"]
* B. H. Streeter, "The Four Gospels. A study of origins the manuscript traditions, sources, authorship, & dates", Oxford 1924, pp. 77-107.
* Bruce M. Metzger, "The Caesarean Text of the Gospels", JBL, Vol. 64, No. 4 (Dec., 1945), pp. 457-489.
* Bruce M. Metzger and Bart D. Ehrman, "The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration" (4th edition, 2005), Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-507297-9, p. 310–312.