- Kamianets-Podilskyi
Infobox City
official_name = Kamianets-Podilskyi
native_name = Кам’янець-Подільський-2.jpg)
image_caption = General view of the city's castle.
image_shield = Kampod_gerb.gif
shield_size = 80px
pushpin_
mapsize = 225px
map_caption = Location in Ukraine
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = UKR
subdivision_type1 =Oblast
subdivision_name1 =
subdivision_type2 =Raion
subdivision_name2 = Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion
leader_title = Mayor
leader_name = Oleksandr Mazurchak
established_title = Founded
established_date = 1062
established_title2 = City rights
established_date2 = 1795
area_total_km2 = 27871
population_as_of = 2006
population_total = 98,953
population_metro =
population_density_km2 = 3550
timezone = EET
utc_offset = +2
timezone_DST = EEST
utc_offset_DST = +3
latd=48 |latm=41 |lats=00 |latNS=N
longd=26 |longm=35 |longs=00 |longEW=E
elevation_m =
postal_code_type = Postal code
postal_code = 32300—32318
area_code = +380-3849
blank_name = Sister cities
blank_info =Targówek ,Kraków ,Głogów ,Przemyśl ,Kalisz ,Sanok ,Gniew ,Zawiercie , Ejmiatsin,Suzhou ,Ukmergė ,Polatsk ,Edineţ ,Zalău ,Dolný Kubín ,Ponte Lambro ,Michurinsk
website = http://kp.rel.com.ua/city/ua/index.htm
footnotes =Kamianets-Podilskyi ( _uk. Кам’янець-Подільський, translit. "Kam’yanets’-Podil’s’kyi"; also referred to as "Kamyanets-Podilsky" or "Kamenets-Podolsky"; see
#Nomenclature section below for more names) is acity located on theSmotrych River in southwesternUkraine . Formerly the administrative center of the Kamianets-Podilskyi Oblast ( _uk. Кам’янець-Подільськa область, translit., "Kamyanets-Podil'ska oblast’"), the city is now the administrative center of theKamianets-Podilskyi Raion (district) within theKhmelnytsky Oblast (province), after the administrative center of the oblast was moved from the city of Kamianets-Podilskyi to the city of Khmelnytskyi in 1941. The city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast.The current estimated population is around 99,068.
Geography
Kamianets-Podilskyi is located in the southern portion of the
Khmelnytskyi Oblast , located in the western Ukrainian region ofPodillia . TheSmotrych River , a tributary of theDniester , flows through the city. The total area of the city comprises convert|27.84|km2|sqmi|1|sp=us.cite web|url=http://kp.rel.com.ua/city/ua/index.htm|title=Geography|accessdate=2007-10-25|work=kp.rel.com.ua|language=Ukrainian] The city is located about convert|101|km|mi|1 from the oblast's administrative center, Khmelnytskyi.History
Kamianets-Podilskyi was first mentioned in 1062 as a town of the
Kievan Rus' state. In 1241, it was destroyed by the Mongol Tatar invaders.cite web|url=http://kp.rel.com.ua/city/ua/index.htm|title=History|accessdate=2007-10-25|work=kp.rel.com.ua|language=Ukrainian] In 1352, it was annexed by the Polish King Casimir III, and became the capital ofPodole Voivodship and the seat of local civil and military administration. The ancient castle was reconstructed and substantially expanded by the Polish kings to defend Poland from the southwest against Ottoman andTatar invasions.ImageSize = width:280 height:850PlotArea = right:10 top:10 left:40 bottom:10DateFormat = yyyyTimeAxis = orientation:vertical order:reversePeriod = from:1062 till:2008AlignBars = earlyScaleMajor = unit:year increment:100 start:1100Colors = id:canvas value:gray(0.95)BackgroundColors = canvas:canvasPlotData = width:15 color:orange bar:test from:1062 till:1352 # Kievan RutheniaPlotData = width:15 color:green bar:test from:1352 till:1672 # PolandPlotData = width:15 color:blue bar:test from:1672 till:1699 # Ottoman EmpirePlotData = width:15 color:green bar:test from:1699 till:1793 # PolandPlotData = width:15 color:red bar:test from:1793 till:1915 # Imperial RussiaPlotData = width:15 color:white bar:test from:1915 till:1917 # Austria-HungaryPlotData = width:15 color:red bar:test from:1917 till:1921 # Polish-Soviet WarPlotData = width:15 color:red bar:test from:1921 till:1941 # Soviet UnionPlotData = width:15 color:white bar:test from:1941 till:1944 # Nazi GermanyPlotData = width:15 color:red bar:test from:1944 till:1991 # Soviet UnionPlotData = width:15 color:orange bar:test from:1991 till:2008 # Ukraine PlotData = bar:test at:1062 mark:(line,black) at:1062 shift:(10,-10) text:1062 First mentioned bar:test at:1241 mark:(line,black) at:1241 shift:(10,0) text:1241 Mongol invasion bar:test at:1352 mark:(line,black) at:1352 shift:(10,0) text:1352 Captured by Casimir the Great bar:test at:1672 mark:(line,black) at:1672 shift:(10,0) text:1672 Captured by the Ottomans bar:test at:1699 mark:(line,black) at:1699 shift:(10,0) text:1699 Retaken by Jan Sobieski bar:test at:1793 mark:(line,black) at:1793 shift:(10,0) text:1793 Annexed by the Russian Empire bar:test at:1915 mark:(line,black) at:1915 shift:(10,10) text:1915 Captured by Austria-Hungary bar:test at:1917 mark:(line,black) at:1917 shift:(10,1) text:1917 Polish-Bolshevik War bar:test at:1793 mark:(line,black) at:1921 shift:(10,-7) text:1921 Attached to Soviet Ukraine bar:test at:1941 mark:(line,black) at:1941 shift:(10,0) text:1941 Occupied by Germany bar:test at:1991 mark:(line,black) at:1991 shift:(10,0) text:1991 Independent Ukraine
During the Khmelnytsky uprising (1648-58) the Jewish community there suffered much from Chmielnicki's Cossacks on the one hand, and from the attacks of the Crimean Tatars (their main object being the extortion of ransoms) on the other. [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?letter=K&artid=78 JewishEncyclopedia.com - KAMENETZ-PODOLSK: ] ]
After the
Treaty of Buczacz of 1672 it was briefly part ofOttoman Empire and capital of Podolyaeyalet . To counter the Turkish threat to thePolish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , KingJan III Sobieski built a fortress near by,Okopy Świętej Trójcy ("the Entrenchments of the Holy Trinity"). In 1699, the city was given back to Poland under KingAugustus II the Strong according toTreaty of Karlowitz . The fortress was continually enlarged and was regarded as the strongest in thePolish-Lithuanian Commonwealth . The preserved ruins of the fortress still contain the iron cannon balls stuck in them from various sieges.About the middle of the 18th century, Kamenets-Podilskkyi became celebrated as the center of the furious conflict then raging between the Talmudic Jews and the Frankists; the city was the residence of Bishop Dembowski, who sided with the Frankists and ordered the public burning of the Talmud, which sentence was carried into effect in the public streets in 1757.
From the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, the city belonged to the
Russian Empire , where it was the capital of "PodolskayaGuberniya ". The Russian Tsar Peter the Great, who visited the fortress twice, was impressed by its fortifications. One of the towers was used as a prison cell forUstym Karmeliuk (a prominent peasant rebel leader of the early 19th century), who managed to escape from it three times.Kamenetz-Podolsk was also the residence of the wealthy Joseph Yozel Günzburg. During the latter half of the nineteenth century many Jews emigrated from that city to the United States, especially to New York, where they organized a number of societies.
The city was occupied by
Austria-Hungary in1915 . With the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917, the city was briefly incorporated into several short-lived Ukrainian states — theUkrainian People's Republic , theHetmanate , and the Directoriya — and ended up as part of theUkrainian SSR when Ukraine fell underBolshevik power. During thePolish-Soviet War , the city was captured by thePolish Army , but it was later ceded to Soviet Russia in the 1921Treaty of Riga , which determined the future of the area for the next seven decades as part of the Ukrainian SSR.Poles andUkrainians have always dominated the city's population. However, as a commercial center, Kamianets-Podilskyi has been amultiethnic and multi-religious city with substantial Jewish and Armenian minorities. Under Soviet rule it became subject to severe persecutions, and most of the Poles were forcibly deported to Siberia. Early on, Kamianets-Podilskyi was the capital of the Ukrainian SSR's "Kamianets-Podilskyi Oblast", but the administrative center was later moved to Proskyriv (now Khmelnytskyi).In 1927 there was a massive uprising of peasants and factory workers in
Mohyliv-Podilskyi , Kamianets-Podilskyi,Tiraspol and other cities of southernUkrainian SSR against Soviet authorities. Troops from Moscow were sent to the region and suppressed the unrest, causing around 4,000 deaths, according to US corespondents sent to report about the insurrection, which was at the time completely denied by the Kremlin official press. [ [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,737074,00.html Disorder in the Ukraine?] , "TIME Magazine ", December 12, 1927]One of the first and largest Holocaust mass-murder events occurred on August 27-28, 1941 near the city of Kamianets-Podilskyi. In those two days, 23,600 Jews were killed, most of them Hungarian Jews (14,000-16,000) and the rest local Polish Jews. As the researchers of the Holocaust point out, the Kamianets-Podilskyi massacre was the first mass action in the “final Solution” of the Nazis, and the number of its victims reached 5 figures. Eye-witnesses reported that the perpetrators made no effort to hide their deeds from the local population. [http://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/maramures/mar093.html accessed 6 Jan 08]
Culture
Attractions
Being inhabited by different peoples and cultures have brought their own culture and architecture into the city. Examples of this may include the fact that the city has a Polish, Ruthenian, and an Armenian Market. A famous tourist attraction in Kamianets-Podilskyi includes the ancient castle, and the numerous architectural attractions in the city's center, including the Ss. Peter and Paul Cathedral, the city's city hall building, and its numerous fortifications.
Ballooning activities in the
canyon of theSmotrych River have also brought tourists into the city. Since the late 1990s, the city has been growing as a tourist center of western Ukraine. Annual Cossack Games ("Kozatski zabavy") andfestival s, which include the openballooning championship of Ukraine,car racing and various music, art and drama activities, attract an estimated 140,000 tourists and stimulate the local economy. More than a dozen privately owned hotels have recently been constructed, a large number for a mostly provincial Ukrainian city.Famous people
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Stanisław Koniecpolski fought here.
*Ferdynand Antoni Ossendowski lived here.
*Mendele Mocher Sforim lived here.
*Maurice Zbriger was born here.
*David Günzburg was born here.
*Zvee Scooler , who is best known as the Rabbi inFiddler on the Roof , was born here.
*Szymon Okolski lived here.
*Krzysztof Radzilowski was a town official in 1768.
*Leonid Stein was born here. He was а Soviet Grandmaster chess player.
*Nikolai Chebotaryov was a noted Russian and Soviet mathematician. He is best known for theChebotaryov density theorem .
*Aleksander Michałowski was born here.Nomenclature
Some historians claimed that the city was founded by the
Dacians , which lived in parts now located inRomania andMoldova as well as portions of Ukraine.cite web|url=http://tour.km.ua/kampod/etown.htm|title=The Museum City|accessdate=2007-10-26|work=Kamianets-Podilskyi|publisher=Art/Ukrainian] Historians claim that the founders named the settlement "Petridava" or "Klepidava", which originate from the Greek word "petra" or the Latin "lapis" meaning "stone" and the Dacian "dava" meaning "city"). [cite web|url=http://www.niedziela.pl/artykul_w_niedzieli.php?doc=nd200110&nr=22|title=Perła Podola|accessdate=2007-10-26|work=niedziela.pl|language=Polish]The first part of the city's dual name originates from "kamin’" ( _uk. камiнь) or "kamen", meaning "stone" in the
Old East Slavic language . The second part of the name relates to the historic region of Podillia ( _uk. Поділля) of which Kamianets-Podilskyi is considered to be the historic capital.The name is written and pronounced similarly in different languages: _pl. Kamieniec Podolski; _ru. Каменец-Подольский (translit. "Kamenets-Podolsky"); _ro. Cameniţa; _tr. Kamaniçe; _la. Camenecium;
Yiddish : קאַמענעץ ("Kamenets")ee also
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Kamenets-Podolsky Pocket References
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External links
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* "The old fortress on the Smotrich River," in "Zerkalo Nedeli " (Mirror Weekly), June 28 - July 5, 2002, available online in [http://www.zn.kiev.ua/ie/show/399/35210/ Ukrainian] and [http://www.zerkalo-nedeli.com/nn/show/399/35210/ in Russian]
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* [http://kamenets-tour.com/foto/foto.html Photo of Kamianets-Podilsky] (Russian)
* [http://www.kam-pod.net/fotogal_list.php Photogallery of Kamianets-Podilsky] (Russian)
* [http://www.tovtry.km.ua/en/history/index.html Some historical events of Kamyanets Rayon] (English)
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