Timeline of 10th century Muslim history

10th century (900-999) (288 AH – 391 AH)

* 902: Death of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mu'tadid; al-Muktafi becomes Caliph. Death of the Saffarid ruler Amr bin Laith.

* 903: Assassination of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Said of Qarmatian; accession of Abu Tahir.

* 905: Abdullah bin Hamdan founds the Hamdanid rule in Mosul and Jazira. End of the Tulunid rule in Egypt.

* 908: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muktafi; accession of al-Muqtadir. End of the Saffarid rule, annexation of their territories by the Samanids.

* 909: Sa'id ibn Husayn, with the help of his chief missionary-commander Abdullah ibn Husayn Al-Shi'i overthrows the Aghlabids and founds the Fatimid rule in North Africa at which time he changes his title to Imam Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah. The Aghlabid Ziyadat Allah is thus expelled from the region, and with him the final remnants of Sunni Islam in North Africa.

* 912: Death of the Umayyad Abdallah ibn Muhammad in Spain, accession of Abd-ar-rahman III.

* 913: Assassination of the Samanid ruler Ahmad II, accession of Nasr II.

* 928: Mardawij ibn Ziyar founds the Ziyarid rule in Tabaristan.

* 929: Qarmatians sack Mecca and carry away the Black Stone from the Kaaba. In Spain, Abd-ar-rahman III declares himself Caliph of Cordoba.

* 931: Deposition and restoration of the Abbasid Caliph al-Muqtadir. Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Tahir; accession of Abu Mansur.

* 932: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir; accession of al-Qahir.

* 934: Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph al-Qahir; accession of ar-Radi. Death of the Fatimid Caliph Ubaidullah; accession of al Qaim; Emad o-dowleh Abol Hasan stablished buwayhid power in Fars.

* 935: Rukn al-daula conquered Ray and established Buwayhid government of rey. Assassination of the Ziyarid ruler Mardawij; accession of Washimgir. Death of Hamdanid ruler Abdullah ibn Hamdan accession of Nasir al-Daula.

* 936: By coup, Ibn Raiq becomes the Amir al-Umara under Abbasid Caliph ar-Radi.

* 938: By another coup, power at Baghdad is captured by Bajkam.

* 940: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Ar-Radi, accession of al-Muttaqi.

* 941: Assassination of Bajkam, capture of power by Kurtakin.

* 942: Ibn Raiq recaptures power in Baghdad.

* 943: Al-Ba'idi captures power. The Abbasid Caliph al-Muttaqi is forced to seek refuge with the Hamdanids. Sail ud Daula captures power at Baghdad and the Caliph returns to Baghdad. Power is captured by Tuzun and Sail ud Daula retires to Mosul. Death of the Samanid ruler Nasr II, accession of Hamid Nuh I.

* 944: al-Muttaqi is blinded and deposed, accession of al-Mustakfi.

* 945: Death of Tuzun. Shirzad becomes Amir ul Umra. The Mo'ez o-dowleh capture power and stablished the Buwayhid of Iraq. Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mustakfi.

* 946: Death of the Fatimid Caliph A1 Qaim. Accession of Mansur. Death of the Ikhshid ruler Muhammad bin Tughj, accession of Abul Qasim Ungur.

*949: Death of the Buwahid shah of Fars,'Imad al-Daula. Accession of 'Adud al-Daula.

* 951: The Qarmatians restore the Black Stone to the Kaaba.

* 954: Death of the Samanid ruler Hamid Nuh I, accession of Abdul Malik I.

* 961: Death of the Samanid ruler Abdul Malik I, accession of Mansur I. Alptgin founds the rule of the Ghazanavids. Death of the Umayyad Caliph Abdul Rahman III in Spain; accession of al-Hakam II. Death of the Ikhshid ruler Ungur accession of Abul Hasan Ali.

* 965: Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Mansur; accession of Hasan Azam. Assassination of the Ikhshid ruler Abul Hasan Ali; power captured by Malik Kafur.

* 967: Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Muiz ud Daula, accession of Azad o-dowleh Bakhtiar. Death of the Hamdanid ruler Sail ud Daula.

* 968: Byzantines occupy Aleppo. Death of the Ikhshid ruler Malik Kafur; accession of Abul Fawaris.

* 969: The Fatimids conquer Egypt.

* 972: Buluggin ibn Ziri founds the rule of the Zirids Algeria.

* 973: Shi'a Sunni disturbances in Baghdad; power captured in Baghdad by the Turkish General Subuktgin.

* 974: Abdication of the Abbasid Caliph Al-Muti; accession of at-Ta'i.

* 975: Death of the Turk General Subuktgin. Death of the Fatimid Caliph al-Muizz.

* 976: The Buwayhid Sultan Izz al-Daula recaptures power with the help of his cousin Azud ud Daula. Death of the Samanid ruler Mansur I, accession of Nuh II. In Spain death of the Umayyad Caliph al-Hakam II, accession of Hisham II.

* 978: Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Azad o-dowleh Bakhtiar, power captured by Azud ud Daula who ruled former in Fars. The Hamdanids overthrown by the Buwayhids.

* 979: Subkutgin becomes the Amir of Ghazni.

* 981: End of the Qarmatian rule at Bahrain.

* 982: Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Azud ud Daula; accession of Samsam o-dowleh.

* 984: Death of the Zirid ruler Buluggin, accession of Mansur of Zirid.

* 986: The Buwyhid Sultan Samsara ud Daula overthrown by Sharaf ud Daula.

* 989: Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Sharaf ud Daula, accession of Baha ud Daula.

* 991: Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph at-Ta'i, accession of al-Qadir.

* 996: Death of the Zirid ruler Mansur, accession of Nasir ud Daula Badis.

* 997: Death of the Samanid ruler Nuh II, accession of Mansur II.

* 998: Death of the Samanid ruler Mansur II, accession of Abdul Malik II. Mahmud of Ghaznavid becomes the Amir of Ghazni.

* 999: End of the Samanids. By the end of this century, global Muslim population had grown to 4 per cent of the total.

ee also

Timeline of Muslim history