Wynonie Harris

Infobox musical artist | Background = solo_singer| Instrument = Guitar
Name = Wynonie Harris


Img_capt =
Born = birth date|1915|9|24|mf=y
Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.
Died = death date and age|1969|7|4|1915|9|24|
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Genre = Blues, Jump blues, R&B
Years_active = 1935–1969
URL =
Notable_instruments =

Wynonie "Mr. Blues" Harris (August 24,1915 [The [http://nsea.org/news/WHarrisProfile.htm W Harris Profile] quotes his birth date as August 24, 1913. As the profile goes on to say that, due to "indifference to learning", "he abandoned school permanently" in 1931, it is more likely he would have done this at age 16 than age 18. The 1915 birthdate seems more likely and is supported by all other sources quoted.] -June 14, 1969), born in Omaha, Nebraska, was an American blues shouter and rhythm and blues singer of upbeat songs featuring humorous, often ribald lyrics. With fifteen Top 10 hits between 1946 and 1952, Harris is generally considered one of rock and roll’s forerunners, influencing Elvis Presley among others. He was the subject of a 1994 biography by Tony Collins. [Tony Collins, "Rock Mr. Blues: The Life & Music of Wynonie Harris", (Big Nickel Publications, 1995).]

Early life and family

Harris' mother Mallie Hood Anderson was fifteen and unmarried at the time of Wynonie's birth. Harris' paternity is uncertain. Harris' wife Olive E. Goodlow and daughter Patricia Vest have said that Harris' father was a Native American named Blue Jay. Wynonie had no father figure in the house until 1920, when his mother married Luther Harris, fifteen years her senior.

In 1931 at age 16, Harris dropped out of high school in North Omaha. The following year his first child, daughter Micky, was born to Naomi Henderson. Ten months later, Harris' second child, son Wesley, was born to Laura Devereaux. Both children were raised by their mothers. Wesley became a singer in the Five Echoes and the Sultans. Later he became the singer/guitarist in Preston Love's band.

In 1935 Harris, age 20, started dating 16-year-old Olive E. Goodlow (Ollie) of neighboring Council Bluffs, Iowa, who came to Omaha to watch him perform. On May 20, 1936, Ollie gave birth to daughter Pattie (Adrianne Patricia). On December 11, 1936, they married. Later they lived in the Logan Fontenelle projects in North Omaha. Ollie worked as a barmaid and nurse; Wynonie sang in clubs as well as taking on some odd jobs. Wynonie's mother Mallie Harris was Pattie's main caretaker. In 1940, Wynonie and Ollie Harris moved to Los Angeles, leaving Pattie with Mallie in Omaha.

Early career

With dance partner Velda Shannon, Harris formed a dance team in the early 1930s. The team performed around North Omaha's flourishing entertainment community, and by 1934 they were a popular regular attraction at the Ritz Theatre. It was not until 1935, however, that Harris was able to earn his living as an entertainer. While performing at Jim Bell's new Harlem nightclub with Velda Shannon, Harris began to sing the blues.

He also began traveling frequently to Kansas City where he paid close attention to the great blues shouters of the time, including Jimmy Rushing and Big Joe Turner. Harris became a local celebrity in Omaha during the depths of the Depression (1935). In 1940 he and his wife moved to Los Angeles to seek more opportunity there. The city was a center of black migration. At that time Central Avenue in LA was becoming a center for musical performers. Harris' big break in Los Angeles was at a nightclub owned by Curtis Mosby called the Club Alabam. It was here that Harris became known as "Mr. Blues".

With Lucky Millinder

Due to the wartime embargo on shellac, Harris was unable to pursue a recording career. Instead, he relied on personal appearances. Performing almost continuously, in late 1943 he appeared at the Rhumboogie Club in Chicago. Harris was spotted by Lucky Millinder who asked him to join his band's tour. Harris joined on March 24, 1944, while the band was in the middle of a week-long residency at the Regal in Chicago. They moved on to New York, where on April 7 Harris took the stage with Millinder's band for his debut at the Apollo Theatre in Harlem. It was during this performance that Harris first publicly performed "Who Threw the Whiskey in the Well" (a song recorded two years earlier by Doc Wheeler's Sunset Orchestra).

After the band's stint at the Apollo, they moved on to their regular residency at the Savoy Ballroom, also in Harlem. Here, Preston Love, Harris' childhood friend, joined Millinder's band replacing alto saxophonist Tab Smith.

On May 26, 1944, Harris made his recording debut with "Lucky Millinder and His Orchestra". Entering a recording studio for the first time, Harris sang on two of the five cuts that day, "Hurry, Hurry" and "Who Threw the Whiskey in the Well", for the Decca Records label. Although lessening, the shellac embargo had not yet been removed, and release of the record was delayed.

Harris' success and popularity grew as Millinder's band toured the country. He and Millinder had a falling out over money. In September 1945 while playing in San Antonio, Texas, Harris quit Millinder's band. Three weeks later, upon hearing of Harris' separation from the band, a Houston promoter refused to allow Millinder's band to perform. Millinder called Harris and agreed to pay Harris' asking price of one-hundred dollars a night. The promoter re-instated the date, but it was the last time Harris and Millinder worked together. Ben "Bull Moose" Jackson replaced Harris as vocalist of the band.

Harris returned to Los Angeles. He and Ollie moved their daughter Pattie, his mother and her husband from Omaha to Los Angeles. Harris resumed working at the Club Alabam.

In April 1945, a year after the song was recorded, Decca released "Who Threw the Whiskey in the Well". It became the group's biggest hit; it went to number one on the R&B charts on July 14 and stayed there for eight weeks [R&B number-one hits of 1945 (USA)] [List of number-one rhythm and blues hits (United States)] . The song remained on the charts for almost five months, also becoming popular with white audiences ["Who Threw the Whiskey in the Well" also reached #7 on the US Pop charts.] , an unusual feat for black musicians of that era.

In California the success of the song opened doors for Harris. Since the contract with Decca was with Millinder (meaning Harris was a free agent), Harris could choose from the record deals with which he was presented.

Solo career

In July 1945, Harris signed with Philo, a label owned by brothers Leo and Edward Mesner. Harris' band was assembled by Johnny Otis, and the group cut the two-sided 78-rpm-record "Around the Clock". Although not a chart topper, the song became popular and was covered by many artists, including Jo Jo Adams, Willie Bryant, and even two of Harris' early heroes, Jimmy Rushing and Big Joe Turner.

In January 1946 Harris performed in Omaha for the first time since 1940. In late 1946 a performance was arranged at the Apollo (in Harlem), and he and Ollie moved to New York.

Harris went on to record sessions for other labels, including Apollo, Bullet and Aladdin. His greatest success came when he signed for Syd Nathan's King label, where he enjoyed a series of big hits on the US R&B chart in the late 1940s and early 50's. These included a 1948 cover of Roy Brown's original 1947 "Good Rocking Tonight" [Harris rerecorded Brown's hit in 1948, after Brown wrote and recorded it in 1947. It was later rerecorded by Elvis Presley in 1954, with later versions by Jerry Lee Lewis, Ricky Nelson, Buddy Holly, Pat Boone and Paul McCartney, among others.] , "Good Morning Judge", "Bloodshot Eyes", and "All She Wants To Do Is Rock".

Later career

Harris transitioned between several recording contracts between 1954 and 1964. In 1960 he cut six sides for Roulette Records that included a remake of his hit "Bloodshot Eyes" as well as "Sweet Lucy Brown", "Spread the News", "Saturday Night", "Josephine" and "Did You Get the Message". [CD: Various Artists: Roulette Rock & Roll, Vol. 2: Everybody's Gonna (1994) Castle/Sequel ] He also became more indebted and was forced to live in less glamorous surroundings.

In 1964 Harris resettled for the last time in Los Angeles. His final recordings were three sides which he did for the Chess label (in Chicago) in 1964: The Comeback, Buzzard Luck and Conjured [CD: Various Artists: Shoutin', Swingin' & Makin' Love(1991) MCA] . His final large-scale performance was at the Apollo (in New York) in November 1967, where he performed with Big Joe Turner, Big Mama Thornton, Jimmy Witherspoon and T-Bone Walker.

Death

On June 14, 1969, aged fifty-four, Harris died of esophageal cancer at the USC Medical Center Hospital in Los Angeles.

Resurgence

Since the end of the twentieth century, there has been a resurgence of interest in his music. Some of his recordings are being reissued and he has been honored posthumously:
*1994 Inducted into the W.C. Handy Blues Hall of Fame by the Blues Foundation in Memphis, Tennessee.
*1998 Inducted into the Nebraska Rock N' Roll Hall of Fame in Lincoln.
*2000 Inducted into the High School Hall of Fame at Central High School in Omaha, Nebraska.
*2005 Inducted into the Omaha Black Music Hall of Fame [Harris was amongst the 40 inaugeral inductees to the Omaha Black Music Hall of Fame in 2005.] .

Footnotes

Bibliography

* Omaha World-Herald, September 10, 1972, p. E-6 and September 1, 1998, p. 29
* The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz, 2nd ed, Vol 2 (Macmillan Publishers, 2002) 183-184
* The Encyclopedia of Jazz and Blues (Quintet, 2001) p. 470 - ISBN 1-86155-385-4
* [http://nsea.org/news/WHarrisProfile.htm Wynonnie Harris profile] from the "Profiles of Nationally Distinguished Nebraskans" series.
* [http://nsea.org/news/NatDistProf.htm Profiles of Nationally Distinguished Nebraskans.] Written by E A Kral and Jean M Sanders, appearing in "The Crete News" and reproduced with the permission of the publisher and authors on the Nebraska State Education Association website as a public service.
* "Nationally Distinguished Nebraskans: A Brief Bio-Bibliography of 700 Individuals". © 2006, E A Kral
* [http://nsea.org/700famous.htm 700 Famous Nebraskans] prepared by E A Kral. Kral "is currently engaged in researching and writing a bio-bibliographic reference on more than 700 nationally distinguished Nebraskans, and offers his preliminary findings in this Internet version."
* [http://www.beatricene.com/gagecountymuseum Gage County Historical Society]
* [http://www.nebpress.com Nebraska Press Association]

External links

* [http://wc06.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:fifyxq95ldke~T1 All Music Guide]