Hayward, California

Hayward, California
City of Hayward
—  City  —
Hayward water tower

Seal
Motto: Heart of the Bay
The city of Hayward highlighted within Alameda County
Coordinates: 37°40′08″N 122°04′51″W / 37.66889°N 122.08083°W / 37.66889; -122.08083Coordinates: 37°40′08″N 122°04′51″W / 37.66889°N 122.08083°W / 37.66889; -122.08083
Country United States United States
State California California
County Alameda
Government
 – Type Council-Manager
 – Mayor Michael Sweeney (D)
 – Senate Ellen Corbett (D)
 – Assembly Mary Hayashi (D)
 – U.S. Congress Pete Stark (D)
Area[1]
 – City 63.748 sq mi (165.108 km2)
 – Land 45.323 sq mi (117.386 km2)
 – Water 18.425 sq mi (47.721 km2)  28.9%
Elevation 112 ft (34 m)
Population (2010)
 – City 144,186
 – Rank 3rd in Alameda County
37th in California
169th in the United States
 – Density 2,261.8/sq mi (873.3/km2)
 – Metro 7,468,390
Time zone PST (UTC-8)
 – Summer (DST) PDT (UTC-7)
ZIP code 94541, 94542, 94544, 94545, parts of 94546, 94552
Area code(s) 510
FIPS code 06-33000
GNIS feature ID 0277607
Website http://www.hayward-ca.gov/

Hayward (play /ˈhwərd/; formerly, Haywards, Haywards Station, and Haywood) is a city located in the East Bay in Alameda County, California. With a population of 144,186, Hayward is the sixth largest city in the San Francisco Bay Area and the third largest in Alameda County.[2] Hayward was ranked as the 37th most populous municipality in California. It is included in the San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont Metropolitan Statistical Area by the US Census.[3] It is located primarily between Castro Valley and Union City, and lies at the eastern terminus of the San Mateo-Hayward Bridge. The city was devastated early in its history by the namesake 1868 Hayward earthquake. From the early 20th century until the beginning of the 1980s, Hayward's economy was dominated by the food canning industry.

Contents

History

Human habitation of the greater East Bay, including Hayward, dates from at least 4000 B.C.E.. The most recent pre-European inhabitants of the Hayward area were the Native American Ohlone people.[4]

In the 19th century, the land that is now Hayward became part of Rancho San Lorenzo, a Spanish land grant to Guillermo Castro in 1740. The site of his home was on Castro Street (now Mission Boulevard) between C and D Streets, but the structure was severely damaged in the 1868 Hayward earthquake, with the Hayward Fault running directly under its location. Most of the cities structures were destroyed in the earthquake, the last major earthquake on the fault. In 1930 that site was chosen for the construction of the City Hall which served the City until 1969.[5] The surrounding area is still the center of town.

Hayward was originally known as "Hayward's," then as "Haywood," later as "Haywards," and eventually as "Hayward." There is some disagreement as to how it was named. Most historians believe it was named for William Dutton Hayward, who opened a hotel there in 1852.[6] The US Geologic Survey Geographic Names Information System states the city was named after Alvinza Hayward, a millionaire from the California Gold Rush.[7][8] Regardless of which Hayward the area was named for, because a post office cannot be named after a living person, it is believed that the name was changed to "Haywood" when the post office was first established. The first post office opened in 1860.[9]

Castro emigrated to Chile with most of his family in 1864, after he lost his land in a card game. His name survives in the community of Castro Valley, located in the valley next to Hayward which Castro used to pasture his cattle. The ranch was split up and sold to various locals, William Hayward among them. William Hayward's fortunes took a turn for the grander when he constructed a resort hotel, which eventually grew to a hundred rooms. The surrounding area came to be called "Hayward's" after the hotel.

William Hayward eventually became the road commissioner for Alameda County. He used his authority to influence the construction of roads in his own favor. He was also an Alameda County Supervisor. In 1876, a town was chartered by the State of California under the name of "Haywards". The name of the post office was then able to change because of the loss of the apostrophe before the "s." This change occurred in 1880.[9] It remained "Haywards" until 1910 when the "s" was officially dropped. William Hayward died in 1891.

Early home, Depot Road

Hayward grew steadily throughout the late 19th century, with an economy based on agriculture and tourism. Important crops were tomatoes, peaches, cherries, and apricots. Chicken and pigeon raising also played important roles in the economy. A rail line between Oakland and San Jose, the South Pacific Coast Railroad, was established, but was destroyed in 1868 earthquake[10] It was rebuilt, and provided a vital commercial link to the markets.[citation needed] The Southern Pacific and Western Pacific transcontinental railroads also provided service to the Hayward area.[citation needed]

The anarchist periodical Land and Liberty was published in Hayward from 1914–1915.

During the 1930s, the Harry Rowell Rodeo Ranch (site now within the bounds of Castro Valley) drew rodeo cowboys from across the continent, and western movie actors such as Slim Pickens and others from Hollywood.[11][12]

Baptist Minister John Carlos Derfelt placing War Relocation Authority ID tag on Reverend Sui Hiro of the San Lorenzo Holiness Church. Hayward, 1942[13]

Prior to World War II, Hayward had a high concentration of Japanese Americans, who were subject to the Japanese-American internment during the war. The war brought an economic and population boom to the area, as factories opened to manufacture war material. Many of the workers stayed after the end of the war. Two suburban tract housing pioneers, Oliver Rousseau[14] and David D. Bohannon[15] were prominent builders of postwar housing in the Hayward area.

Former communities

Mount Eden was a former city that was incorporated into Hayward in the 1950s, at the same time as Schafer Park.

Russell City was a former unincorporated community. It existed from 1853 until 1964. The location is now the proposed site of a natural gas fired power plant.[16]

Stokes Landing, Hayward Heath and Eden Landing were communities now within Hayward city limits.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 63.7 square miles (165 km2). 45.3 square miles (117 km2) of it is land and 18.4 square miles (48 km2) of it (28.90%) is water. The Hayward Fault Zone runs through much of Hayward, including the downtown area. The United States Geologic Survey has stated that there is an "increasing likelihood" of a major earthquake on this fault zone, with potentially serious resulting damage.[17] Hayward has a Mediterranean climate, and contains microclimates, both of which are features of the greater Bay Area. San Lorenzo Creek runs through the city. Hayward borders on a large number of municipalities and communities. The cities bordering on Hayward are San Leandro, Union City, Fremont and Pleasanton. The census designated places bordering on Hayward are Castro Valley, San Lorenzo, Cherryland, Sunol and Fairview.

Demographics

2010

The 2010 United States Census[18] reported that Hayward had a population of 144,186. The population density was 2,261.8 people per square mile (873.3/km²). The census determined racial and ethnic makeup of Hayward was 49,309 (34.2%) White, 17,099 (11.9%) African American, 1,396 (1.0%) Native American, 31,666 (22.0%) Asian (10.4% Filipino, 3.9% Chinese, 3.0% Indian, 2.7% Vietnamese, 0.5% Japanese, 0.5% Korean, 0.2% Cambodian, 0.1% Pakistani), 4,535 (3.1%) Pacific Islander, 30,004 (20.8%) from other races, and 10,177 (7.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 58,730 persons (40.7%), giving Hayward an aggregate Hispanic/Latino plurality population as categorized by census determined racial and ethnic groups. 30.2% of Hayward's population is Mexican, 2.5% Salvadoran, 1.5% Puerto Rican, 1.2% Nicaraguan, 1.0% Honduran, 0.5% Peruvian, and 0.2% Cuban.[19]

The Census reported that 141,462 people (98.1% of the population) lived in households, 1,954 (1.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 770 (0.5%) were institutionalized.

There were 45,365 households, out of which 18,284 (40.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 21,720 (47.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 7,495 (16.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 3,344 (7.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 3,037 (6.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 421 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 9,359 households (20.6%) were made up of individuals and 3,193 (7.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.12 persons. There were 32,559 families (71.8% of all households); the average family size was 3.60 persons.

The city's age demographics were 35,379 people (24.5%) under the age of 18, 16,064 people (11.1%) aged 18 to 24, 44,005 people (30.5%) aged 25 to 44, 34,096 people (23.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 14,642 people (10.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.5 years. For every 100 females there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males.

There were 48,296 housing units at an average density of 757.6 per square mile (292.5/km²), of which 23,935 (52.8%) were owner-occupied, and 21,430 (47.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.6%. 75,039 people (52.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 66,423 people (46.1%) lived in rental housing units.

2000

As of the 2000 Census[20], there were 140,030 people, 44,804 households, and 31,945 families in the city. The population density was 1,219.6/km² (3,158.6/mi²). There were 45,922 housing units at an average density of 400.0/km² (1,035.8/mi²). The racial and ethnic makeup of the city was 42.95% White, 10.98% Black or African American, 0.84% Native American, 18.98% Asian, 1.91% Pacific Islander, 16.81% from other races, and 7.52% from two or more races. 34.17% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 44,804 households out of which 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.3% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 20.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 7.3% had someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.08 and the average family size was 3.58.

The population profiled by age was 26.8% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 33.4% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $51,177, and the median income for a family was $54,712. Males had a median income of $37,711 versus $31,481 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,695. 10.0% of the population and 7.2% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 11.7% of those under the age of 18 and 7.2% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

former city logo

Government

Hayward's current mayor is Michael Sweeney, reelected to the office in 2010. His term expires in 2014. He served on the City Council starting in 1982, was reelected in 1986, and elected mayor for the first time in 1990. His current period holding the office dates from his 2006 election. He has an MA in political science from California State University, Hayward and is the executive director of Spectrum Community Services, a nonprofit social service organization in Hayward.[21][22]

Business

Retail

Southland Mall is the largest shopping center in Hayward. It houses the department stores Sears and Macy's, and other retailers. In addition to a Target store at the Skywest Commons mall, the city's major retailers include Home Depot and Office Depot. A Costco Business Center is located there.[23]

Manufacturing

Hayward has a large number of manufacturing businesses and corporate headquarters, including companies connected with neighboring Silicon Valley. Kobe Steel operates Kobe Precision. PepsiCo operates its San Francisco Bay Production/Distribution Center there.[24] The headquarters of the Shasta soft drink company is located in Hayward, as is the headquarters of school bus manufacturer the Gillig Corporation. The US branch of Bianchi Bicycles, Bianchi USA, operates out of Hayward.[25] Nakagawa Manufacturing USA, a division of Nakagawa Manufacturing, Saitama, Japan, operates a thermal paper facility in Hayward.[26] Manheim San Francisco Bay, a division of Manheim Auctions, operates in Hayward.[27] Role-playing game publisher Chaosium is based there. Azuma Foods International, a division of Azuma Foods, Mie, Japan, has its factory in Hayward.[28][29] Simms' Custom Cycles, founded by legendary custom motorcycle builder Ron Simms,[30] is located in Hayward.[31] High-tech wireless sensor network manufacturer Dust Networks is headquartered in Hayward. The US headquarters for Japan based Andersen Bakery is located in Hayward.[32] Columbus Salame opened a new $31 million processing facility in Hayward in 2011, replacing their former facility in South San Francisco.[33] Mountain Mike's Pizza chain of restaurants is headquartered in Hayward.[34] Annabelle Candy, makers of Abba-Zaba bars, moved to Hayward in 1965.[35] Mendel Biotechnology was founded in Hayward in 1997.[36] Kosan Biosciences was founded in Hayward in 1995[37] Ultra Clean Technology has operated its headquarters, and a manufacturing plant, out of Hayward since 2008, having moved there from Palo Alto.[38][39] Berkeley Farms opened a state-of-the-art processing plant in Hayward in 1998.[40]

Former businesses

Hunt Brothers Cannery

The economy of Hayward in the first half of the twentieth century was based largely on the Hunt Brothers Cannery. The cannery was opened in Hayward in 1895 by brothers William and Joseph Hunt, who were fruit packers originally from Sebastopol, California.[41] The Hunts initially packed local fruit, including cherries, peaches, and apricots, then added tomatoes, which became the mainstay of their business. At its height in the 1960s and 1970s, Hunt's operated three canneries in Hayward, at A, B, and C Streets; an adjacent can-making company; a pickling factory; and a glass manufacturing plant. From the 1890s until its closure in 1981, Hunt's employed a large percentage of the local population. The air around Hayward was permeated by the smell of tomatoes for three months of each year, during the canning season. The canneries closed in 1981, as there were no longer enough produce fields or fruit orchards near the cannery to make it economically viable. Much of the production was moved to the Sacramento Valley.

Holiday Bowl sign

Other former businesses

Much of the Bay coastal territory of Hayward was turned into salt ponds, with Leslie Salt operating there. Much of this land has been returned to salt marshes. The Mervyns department store chain was headquartered in Hayward, until declaring bankruptcy in 2008. Etec Systems, Inc. operated in Hayward from 1970 until 2005, when it was closed by its parent company. AirLink Communications, a wireless service provider, operated in Hayward until its 2007 acquisition by Sierra Wireless. Osborne Computer Corporation operated a manufacturing facility in the 1980s.[42] Former franchise computer retailer ComputerLand, and daisy wheel printer manufacturer Qume were headquartered there.[43][44] The Holiday Bowl bowling alley operated in south Hayward for 47 years, closing in 2005.[45] The Valle Vista roller skating rink operated for 44 years in south Hayward, closing in 2003.[46][47] TML Studios, a recording studio owned by Tesla band member Troy Luccketta, where albums by Loudness, among others, were recorded, operated in Hayward. Franklin Ophthalmic Instruments was based in Hayward.

Top employers

According to the city's 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[48] the top employers in the city, representing 7% of total city employment, are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 Hayward Unified School District 2,500
2 California State University, East Bay 1,447
3 Kaiser Permanente 1,200
4 City of Hayward† 845
5 St. Rose Hospital† 842
6 Gillig† 700
7 Chabot College 600
8 Marelich Mechanical 500
9 Bay Cities Auto Auction 500
10 Kobe Precision[49] 450
11 Injex Industries†[50] 425
12 Pepsi Beverages Company/Bottling Group[51] 400
13 Alameda Newspaper Group 300

† indicates employers wholly located or headquartered in Hayward

Two businesses which had significant employment in fiscal year 2000–2001, Mervyns (2,000), and Pacific Bell (940), no longer operate in Hayward.

Downtown Hayward

downtown Hayward features include:

  • Hayward City Hall, which includes an art gallery
  • Alex Giualini Plaza, former city hall building, now a park
  • The Tower at Hayward City Center, an abandoned 11 story building and the second former city hall
  • Cinema Place, Hayward's only movie theatre, with associated murals and an art gallery
  • Green Shutter Hotel, an historic building, residential hotel, and multiple retail store location
  • The former Mervyns headquarters building

Transportation

Freeways

Aerial view of San Mateo-Hayward Bridge, with Hayward in the upper background

Hayward is served by Interstate 880 (also known as the Nimitz Freeway) and Interstate 238. Interstate 580 runs just north of the city. It is also served by State Route 92 (Jackson Street) and State Route 238 (Mission Boulevard/Foothill Boulevard). State Route 92 continues west as the San Mateo-Hayward Bridge. The intersection of 880 and 92 was reconstructed over a four year period, with completion of the project in October 2011.[52][53] Mission Boulevard has been long known for chronic traffic congestion. Past proposals to convert Mission Boulevard to a freeway or build a 238 bypass have been controversial. One proposal, to build a freeway parallel to Mission Boulevard, effectively continuing 580 south where it turns east towards Castro Valley, and connecting to Industrial Boulevard, had land purchased, but was cancelled after years of debate. The land is now scheduled for sale and zoning.[54] Mission, Jackson and Foothill all converge at one congested intersection south of downtown, known as "Five Flags" for a line of flagpoles. In part to alleviate congestion in the immediate downtown area, the city plans to convert the A Street, Mission and Foothill road triangle to one-way thoroughfares (counterclockwise), and add road improvements to Mission Boulevard south to Industrial Boulevard, and to Foothill Boulevard north to 580. The plan, the Route 238 Corridor Improvement Project, broke ground July 2010, with an expected completion date of 2012.[55]

Public transit

BART, the regional rapid transit system, has two stations in Hayward: the Hayward station, in the downtown district; and the South Hayward station, near the Hayward-Union City border. The AC Transit bus system, which provides bus service for Alameda County and Contra Costa County, operates in Hayward, and has a repair/training center located there. Amtrak, the national rail passenger system, provides daily service at its Hayward station for the Capitol Corridor train, which runs between San Jose and Auburn.

Hayward has a general aviation airport, the Hayward Executive Airport. The Hayward Air National Guard station was located at the airport in 1942, until being reassigned to Moffett Field in 1980[56]

Services

Hayward maintains the Hayward Fire Department and Hayward Police Department. Hayward has two hospitals with emergency departments: St. Rose Hospital[57] and a Kaiser Permanente medical center.[58] Four cemeteries are located in Hayward: Chapel of the Chimes,[59] Mount Eden[60] Mount Saint Joseph Cemetery,[61] and Holy Sepulchre, the last two being Catholic cemeteries.[62] The Hayward Hall of Justice, a branch of the California Superior Court, is the largest full-service courthouse in Alameda County.[63] Horizon Services, which administers substance abuse recovery programs in Hayward and other locations in the Bay Area, operates out of Hayward. Hayward has its own water and wastewater system, but a small northern portion of the city's water is managed by the East Bay Municipal Utility District.[64]

Hayward service organizations

Education

California State University, East Bay

California State University, East Bay (CSUEB) campus, overlooking Warren Hall and the Hayward flatlands

Hayward is home to the main campus of California State University, East Bay (CSUEB), formerly known as California State University, Hayward.[65] It is a public university within the California State University system.

Chabot College

Chabot College

Hayward is the home of Chabot College, a community college in the Peralta Community College District.

Other schools

Hayward is served by the Hayward Unified School District (HUSD),[66] which operates three high schools, Mount Eden, Tennyson, and Hayward High. Additional high schools include the Eden Area Regional Occupational Program, the Leadership Public Schools-Hayward charter school, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation charter public high school, Impact Academy of Arts and Technology.[67] The New Haven Unified School District operates in Union City and South Hayward , with one high school, Conley-Caraballo, located in Hayward. The San Lorenzo Unified School District operates Royal Sunset High School within Hayward.[68] A large private high school, Moreau Catholic High School, is located in Hayward. Hayward is the recipient of a 2010 Promise Neighborhood grant from the United States Department of Education, through CSUEB.[69][70]

The city has Everest and Heald College campuses.[71]

Julio J. Bras Portuguese Centennial Park[72]

Parks and protected areas

Hayward has four parks administered by the East Bay Regional Park District: the Don Castro Regional Recreation Area, Dry Creek Pioneer Regional Park, the Hayward Regional Shoreline, and Garin Regional Park. The Eden Landing Ecological Reserve is located at the Hayward shoreline, and includes 600 acres of salt ponds set to be converted to tidal wetlands.[73] Hayward is also home to the oldest Japanese garden in California designed along traditional lines. The 3.5 acre Japanese Gardens was dedicated in 1980.[74] The garden is administered by the Hayward Area Recreation and Park District (HARD), which operates a number of parks and facilities, primarily in Hayward, including the Skywest and Mission Hills Golf Courses, Kennedy Park, the Sulphur Creek Nature Center, the Hayward Shoreline Interpretive Center, and the Hayward Plunge swim center, at the entrance to the Green Belt Trails and Memorial Park.[75] HARD is the largest recreation district in California.[76] In addition to the two public golf courses, TPC Stonebrae, a private golf club, operates in Hayward.

Historic landmarks

Hayward has two sites in the National Register of Historic Places: the Green Shutter Hotel and Eden Congregational Church. A third site, Meek Mansion, while not within city limits, is managed by the Hayward Area Recreation and Park District. The three sites are also California Historical Landmarks.[77] Ukraina Honcharenko is the fourth Historical Landmark in the city.[78]

Media

Hayward has had for a number of years a daily newspaper, the Daily Review, published most recently by Bay Area News Group. Local television stations, and AM and FM radio from Oakland and San Francisco reach Hayward, as do some stations from San Jose, Sacramento and Salinas. The city's cable TV carrier is Comcast. Chabot College's student radio station, KCRH, operates mostly within city limits.

Flags, at roundabout, near Hayward Golf Course

Sports

The Bay Area Ambassadors amateur soccer team is based in Hayward. The All Pro Wrestling professional wrestling promotion and training school is based in Hayward, and performs shows there.[79]

People from Hayward

People from Hayward who are strongly associated with the city include; founder William Dutton Hayward; and the Ukrainian patriot and Greek Orthodox priest Agapius Honcharenko, who created a farm whose location is now an historic landmark. High profile people from Hayward include football coach Bill Walsh, figure skater Kristi Yamaguchi, and Treasurer of the United States Rosa Gumataotao Rios. Charles Plummer, prior to becoming Alameda County Sheriff, was the Police Chief of Hayward.

People born (b), raised (r), or who have lived as adults (a) in Hayward:

Sister cities

Hayward is the sister city of:

References

  1. ^ "U.S. Census". http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 
  2. ^ http://www.hayward-ca.gov/departments/finance/documents/COH_2010_CAFR.pdf
  3. ^ "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas – U.S. Census Bureau". Census.gov. February 8, 2011. http://www.census.gov/population/www/metroareas/lists/2008/List6.txt. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 
  4. ^ Stanger, Frank M., ed. 1968. La Peninsula Vol. XIV No. 4, March 1968.
  5. ^ "Officially Designated Historic Buildings of Hayward". Hayward Area Historical Society. 2006. Archived from the original on 2008-04-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20080412055803/http://www.haywardareahistory.org/historicbuildings-hayward.asp. Retrieved 2008-03-16. 
  6. ^ Gudde, Erwin G., "California Place Names" (4th Ed. 1998)
  7. ^ For example, see Kirkbride, Wayne, "Golden Dreams and the Success that Followed," Sierra Mountain Times, Retrieved on 2009-04-27; and GeoQuery: Places: USGS Geographic Name Information Server; TerraFly GeoQuery website, Retrieved on 2009-04-27
  8. ^ GNIS Detail – Hayward. Geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
  9. ^ a b Durham, David L. (1998). California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. Quill Driver Books. p. 641. ISBN 9781884995149. 
  10. ^ http://www.museumoflocalhistory.org/pages/Hayward1868.pdf
  11. ^ "Harry Rowell family website". Theharryrowellfamily.org. http://www.theharryrowellfamily.org/. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 
  12. ^ "Rowell Ranch at the Hayward Area Recreation and Parks Department website". Haywardrec.org. http://www.haywardrec.org/PicnicAreas/RowellRanch/rowellranch.html. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 
  13. ^ Lorenzo Japanese Christian Church history[dead link]
  14. ^ Site design and illustration by www.darriendesign.com (June 4, 1932). "Encyclopedia of San Francisco". Sfhistoryencyclopedia.com. http://www.sfhistoryencyclopedia.com/articles/c/chanSunsetDistr.html. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 
  15. ^ "Building the 'Burbs: Constructing the Suburban Hayward Area – Exhibits » Hayward Area Historical Society". Haywardareahistory.org. http://www.haywardareahistory.org/exhibits/view/10-building_the_burbs_constructing_the_suburban_hayward_area. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 
  16. ^ Russell City Energy Center Amendment Proceeding. Energy.ca.gov. Retrieved on 2010-12-25.
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  18. ^ All data are derived from the United States Census Bureau reports from the 2010 United States Census, and are accessible on-line here. The data on unmarried partnerships and same-sex married couples are from the Census report DEC_10_SF1_PCT15. All other housing and population data are from Census report DEC_10_DP_DPDP1. Both reports are viewable online or downloadable in a zip file containing a comma-delimited data file. The area data, from which densities are calculated, are available on-line here. Percentage totals may not add to 100% due to rounding. The Census Bureau defines families as a household containing one or more people related to the householder by birth, opposite-sex marriage, or adoption. People living in group quarters are tabulated by the Census Bureau as neither owners nor renters. For further details, see the text files accompanying the data files containing the Census reports mentioned above.
  19. ^ "American Factfinder". census.gov. http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/searchresults.xhtml?refresh=t#none. Retrieved 2011-08-27. 
  20. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
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  23. ^ "hayward business – Google Maps". Google. January 1, 1970. http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&q=hayward+business&fb=1&gl=us&hq=business&hnear=Hayward,+CA&ei=_U1ETemVAZP6sAOtrbWQCg&sa=X&oi=local_group&ct=image&resnum=1&ved=0CA0QtgMwAA&iwloc=12599333040317765220. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 
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  27. ^ "Exporttrader.Com". .manheim.com. http://www2.manheim.com/locations/BCAA/transportation. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 
  28. ^ "Azuma Foods International Inc., U.S.A. | Company Overview". Azumafoods.com. http://www.azumafoods.com/about/overview.html. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 
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