Bell, California

City of Bell
—  City  —
Images, from top and left to right: James George Bell House, Bell Public Library, City of Bell Police sign
Location of Bell in California
Coordinates: 33°58′42″N 118°10′58″W / 33.97833°N 118.18278°W / 33.97833; -118.18278Coordinates: 33°58′42″N 118°10′58″W / 33.97833°N 118.18278°W / 33.97833; -118.18278
Country	United States
State	California
County	Los Angeles
Incorporated (city)	1927-11-07[1]
Government
– Mayor	Ali Saleh
Area[2]
– Total	2.620 sq mi (6.783 km2)
– Land	2.501 sq mi (6.476 km2)
– Water	0.119 sq mi (0.307 km2)  4.53%
Elevation	141 ft (43 m)
Population (2010)
– Total	35,477
– Density	13,540.8/sq mi (5,230.3/km2)
Time zone	PST (UTC-8)
– Summer (DST)	PDT (UTC-7)
ZIP Code	90201, 90202, 90270[3]
Area code(s)	323[4]
FIPS code	06-04870
GNIS feature ID	1660322
Website	cityofbell.org/

Bell is a city in Los Angeles County, California. Its population was 35,477 at the 2010 census, down from 36,664 in the 2000 census.^[5] Bell is located on the west bank of the Los Angeles River and is a suburb of the city of Los Angeles. At 2.5 square miles (6.5 km²), Bell is number thirteen^[6] in the list of the 25 smallest cities in the United States that have a population of at least 25,000^[5] (ranked from smallest to largest in area).

In 2007, the U.S. Census Bureau ranked Bell's land area at 1245 out of 1257 cities (defined as incorporated areas) and two unincorporated areas that had a population of at least 25,000 in year 2000. Ten cities in the list of 1267 cities had no land area data (e.g., Goleta, California).

City residents voted to become a charter city in a special municipal election on November 29, 2005. Fewer than 400 voters turned out for that special election.^[7] More than half of those votes were dubiously obtained absentee votes.^[8]

Early history

The city of Bell has a Native American history dating back thousands of years. The Gabrieliño Indians migrated to the place now called Bell in 500 B.C. Spaniards have been living in this area of California since the mid-16th century. Among the early Spanish settlers was one of California’s first families, the Lugos. While stationed at Mission San Antonio de Padua near Salinas, California, Francisco Lugo’s first California son, Antonio Maria Lugo was born in 1775.^[9] That son became Don Antonio Maria Lugo, Spanish aristocrat and soldier, who settled on 30,000 acres of land that encompasses what is now the city of Bell. In 1810, the King of Spain formally granted the land to Lugo, the land grant was a reward for his military service.^[9] Lugo also became the mayor of a little town called Los Angeles, from 1816–1819,^[10] and the acreage became known as Rancho San Antonio. The grant was confirmed by the Mexican governor in 1838. By 1865, the Lugo family fortune dwindled and most of the Rancho was sold for less than a dollar per acre. The Lugo family did manage to retain its home, built about 1810, and it is the oldest house in Los Angeles County. The original adobe house on Gage Avenue.^[11]

Between 1870 and 1890 settlers arrived to the area and among those was the city’s founder. In 1876, the pioneer residents for whom the city is named, James George Bell and his wife Susan Abia Hollenbeck Bell, and their two children, Maude Elizabeth and Alphonzo Sr. moved from Los Angeles where they lived for a short period with Susan's brother, John Hollenbeck, into their Victorian style home — the Bell House, now a historic landmark located at 4401 East Gage Avenue.^[11] On April 6, 2000, the Bell House was dedicated as a California State Historical Resource.^[9]

James George Bell House 1876

They acquired about 360 acres (1.5 km²) of land and in the next decade, helped in its development as a small farming and cattle raising community. The Bell Family lived at the Hollenbeck’s “Town House” on 4th and Breed Street until they moved in the “ranch” Bell House in 1876. The Bell House was an early Victorian style farm house. In 1898, the town’s name was changed from Rancho San Antonio, to Bell in honor of its pioneer founders.^[11]

At the turn of the 20th century, the Bell area was a sparsely settled countryside with a scattering of houses, including the Bell family's home. Between 1900 and 1915, more people settled into the area. More homes, schools, churches and a library were built, and several small businesses were established by 1913. The citizens agreed to provide all facilities and services for the library, except for the books.

In the fifteen years following World War I, from 1920 to 1935, an explosive growth in population occurred in the Bell area. Old and new residents built new businesses, established schools, and founded community organizations, such as the Bell Chamber of Commerce and the Woman's Club. An area-wide sanitation district was formed in 1923 to provide sewer facilities. In 1924, George O. Wheeler founded the Industrial Post, the local newspaper which now serves the communities of Bell, Cudahy, and Maywood. In 1925, the Alcazar Theater to show "talking pictures", was opened. It has since been demolished.^[12] In 1926, Bell High School was opened.^[13]

Cityhood

Bell was incorporated as a city in 1927. Since its incorporation, the City of Bell has acquired land for public parks and the recreational program. The city also has constructed an adequate sewer system, widened all major streets, built a city hall, and provided fire department buildings, with the cooperation of Los Angeles County, the city of Maywood and the County Of Los Angeles, the city of Bell constructed an indoor public swimming pool at Bell High School.

James George Bell House

The city's Chamber of Commerce is located at the historic James George Bell House, which serves as a meeting place and in addition, a museum showcasing artifacts from the city's founding family and period furniture. The house is open to the general public with free admission.

In March 2007, the city of Bell held its first contested election for city council in almost a decade.^[14] The next election for City Council was held in March 2011, and included the recall of all the city council members save one, who was not re-elected.

Oscar controversy

In March 2000, Bell gained worldwide publicity, as the media announced that a shipment of 55 Oscar statuettes was stolen from a trucking company loading dock in Bell. In addition to the Los Angeles and Bell police departments, FBI art theft experts were investigating. It was the second Oscar mishap, as earlier that month 4,000 ballots were misrouted. Coincidentally, the missing Oscar ballots were found by the post office in a Bell processing center. AMPAS Executive Director Bruce Davis was quoted as jokingly warning Billy Crystal (host of that year's Oscar Ceremony) not to go near Bell, because it "seems to be a Bermuda Triangle for Oscar things."^[15]

2010 Official-corruption scandal

Main article: 2010 City of Bell salary controversy

In July 2010, when two Los Angeles Times reporters, Jeff Gottlieb and Ruben Vives, were investigating possible malfeasance in the neighboring city of Maywood, it was revealed that Bell city officials were receiving unusually large salaries, perhaps the highest in the nation. The salaries came into the public eye after a Los Angeles Times investigation, based on California Public Records Act requests, showed the city payroll was swollen with six- to seven-figure salaries.^[16] The city manager Robert Rizzo received $787,637 a year (almost double the salary of the President of the United States). Including benefits, he received $1.5 million in the last year.^[17] Rizzo's assistant Angela Spaccia, was earning $376,288 a year, more than the top administrator for Los Angeles County.^[7] The police chief, Randy Adams, was paid $457,000, 33% more than Los Angeles Police Chief Charlie Beck.^[7] All three resigned following news reports and public outcry. All but one of the members of the city council were receiving $100,000 for their part-time work, salaries which were authorized by a sparsely attended special election, ^[18] giving the city "Charter" status. Council members in cities similar to Bell in size make an average of $4,800 a year, prosecutors have noted.^[7]

In September 2010, the California Attorney General's office filed a lawsuit against eight former and current employees, requesting the return of what the suit calls "excessive salaries" as well a reduction in pension benefits accrued as a result of those higher salaries.^[19] Allegations about problems in the 2009 election also have been examined by the FBI and California Secretary of State office.^[20] The city's high property taxes are also being investigated.^[21]

On September 21, 2010, former city manager Robert Rizzo, Mayor Oscar Hernandez, former assistant city manager Angela Spaccia and council members George Mirabal, Teresa Jacobo, Luis Artiga, George Cole and Victor Bello were arrested and charged with misappropriation of public funds.^[22][23] The mayor and council members have all resigned or been recalled.

The revelations about the salary amounts paid to city officials in Bell led media inquires into salaries paid in other cities.^[24] After a review, the L.A. Times found frequent failures in audits of public agencies in other municipalities in California.^[25]

2011 "Special Election"

In March 2011, voters ^[26] turned out to vote in record numbers for election to recall and replace City Council members charged in the corruption scandal. Mayor Oscar Hernandez, Deputy Mayor Teresa Jacobo and Council member George Mirabal, were each recalled with a referendum of over 95%.^[26] Danny Harbor received 62% of the vote to gain Jacobo's seat. Filling the short-term council seat was Ana Maria Quintana with 45% of the vote. The remaining full term council seat was filled by Ali Saleh. Saleh was named Mayor by his fellow council members in April 2011.^[27]

The California Fair Political Practices Commission said July 1, 2011, that it is investigating whether Bell's police union violated state law when the union handed out a campaign flyer supporting their candidates in the recall election. The commission said it is looking into whether the Bell Police Officers Association was properly noted as the source of the flyer. Three of the five council persons elected were those endorsed by the Bell Police Officers Association.^[28]

Government and infrastructure

The Bell Police Department provides law enforcement for the tiny city of Bell. Police Chief Randy Adams has resigned under pressure and has been replaced. Patrol is part of the Bell Police Department's Field Services Division and is responsible for manning the streets in marked police vehicles. There are 47 members in Bell Police Department.^[29] The city of Bell said they were negotiating with the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department to take over the policing contract, however, Sheriff Lee Baca's spokesman says that L.A. County Auditor-Controller Wendy L. Watanabe, who had suggested that the sheriffs move into Bell, has made no contact with him regarding that possibility.^[30]

Fire protection in Bell is provided by the Los Angeles County Fire Department. The LACFD operates Station #163 at 6320 Pine Avenue in Bell as a part of Battalion 3.^[31]

The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Whittier Health Center in Whittier, serving Bell.^[32]

In the state legislature Bell is located in the 30th Senate District, represented by Democrat Ronald S. Calderon, and in the 50th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Ricardo Lara. Federally, Bell is located in California's 34th congressional district, which has a Cook PVI of D +23^[33] and is represented by Democrat Lucille Roybal-Allard.

The United States Postal Service operates the Bell Post Office at 6327 Otis Avenue and the Bandini Station Post Office at 5555 Bandini Boulevard.^[34][35]

City Government

After the special election in March 2011, newly installed Mayor Ali Saleh vowed to remake this tough, blue collar suburb whose name has become synonymous with municipal corruption into a model of good government. Lifelong Bell resident Ali Saleh named mayor by his fellow council members, Danny Harber, a retired baker and 40-year resident of Bell, was elected vice mayor.^[27]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.6 square miles (6.7 km²). 2.5 square miles (6.5 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km²) of it (4.53) is water.

Demographics

Historical populations
Census	Pop.		%±
1930	7,884		—
1940	11,264		42.9%
1950	15,430		37.0%
1960	19,450		26.1%
1970	21,836		12.3%
1980	25,450		16.6%
1990	34,365		35.0%
2000	36,664		6.7%
2010	35,477		−3.2%
source:[36][37]

2010

The 2010 United States Census^[38] reported that Bell had a population of 35,477. The population density was 13,545.5 people per square mile (5,229.9/km²). The racial makeup of Bell was 19,098 (53.8%) White, 337 (0.9%) African American, 315 (0.9%) Native American, 259 (0.7%) Asian, 8 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 13,899 (39.2%) from other races, and 1,561 (4.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 33,028 persons (93.1%).

The Census reported that 34,898 people (98.4% of the population) lived in households, 490 (1.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 89 (0.3%) were institutionalized.

There were 8,870 households, out of which 5,327 (60.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 4,659 (52.5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,879 (21.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,019 (11.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 857 (9.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 31 (0.3%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 967 households (10.9%) were made up of individuals and 388 (4.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.93. There were 7,557 families (85.2% of all households); the average family size was 4.15.

The population was spread out with 11,363 people (32.0%) under the age of 18, 4,124 people (11.6%) aged 18 to 24, 10,783 people (30.4%) aged 25 to 44, 6,811 people (19.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 2,396 people (6.8%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28.9 years. For every 100 females there were 101.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.5 males.

There were 9,217 housing units at an average density of 3,519.2 per square mile (1,358.8/km²), of which 2,570 (29.0%) were owner-occupied, and 6,300 (71.0%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.3%. 11,333 people (31.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 23,565 people (66.4%) lived in rental housing units.

2000

As of the census^[39] of 2000, there were 36,664 people, 8,918 households, and 7,615 families residing in the city. The population density was 14,802.5 inhabitants per square mile (5,708.1/km²). There were 9,215 housing units at an average density of 3,720.4 per square mile (1,434.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 48.45% White, 1.28% Black or African American, 1.28% Native American, 1.07% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 43.09% from other races, and 4.78% from two or more races. Bell also has a small Lebanese community.^[40] 90.90% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 8,918 households out of which 57.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.0% were married couples living together, 18.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.6% were non-families. 11.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.05 and the average family size was 4.27.

In the city the population was spread out with 35.3% under the age of 18, 12.9% from 18 to 24, 32.2% from 25 to 44, 14.1% from 45 to 64, and 5.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females there were 102.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,946, and the median income for a family was $30,504. The per capita income income of $24,800 in 2008, according to the city’s latest annual report. More than a quarter of its residents live below the poverty line, according to City-Data.com,^[41] including 29.7% of those under age 18 and 16.7% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

Like much of California, Bell is in a financial crisis, due to the very public embezzlement scandal. After City Manager Robert Rizzo and the Bell City Council were caught squandering the taxes of their constituents for their own benefit, there is now a giant deficit of several million dollars in the general fund. An audit by the Los Angeles County auditor-controller found that the city needs to significantly downsize its budget, including the possibility of disbanding the Bell Police Department and contracting with the L.A. County Sheriff's Department.^[42]

Education

Primary and secondary schools

Public schools

Bell is served by Los Angeles Unified School District.

Bell is served by several schools.

Kindergarten schools:

• Martha Escutia Primary Center (Opened in 2005^[43]) (Bell)

Elementary schools:

• Corona Avenue Elementary School, K-5^[44][45]
• Nueva Vista Elementary School, K-5^[46][47]
• Woodlawn Avenue Elementary School, K-5

Middle schools:

• Chester W. Nimitz Middle School (Huntington Park)^[48]

K-8 schools:

• Ellen Ochoa Learning Center (Cudahy)

High schools

All residents are zoned to Bell High School in Bell.^[49][50] The high school population is 98% Hispanic, .02% Black, and a small population of Lebanese, and Asian and Pacific Islanders.^[13] The Mission of Bell High School is to: educate all students to the highest degree of their abilities socially, academically, and technologically so that they become contributing members of society. They are the home of the "Mighty Eagles".^[51]

Any student who lives in the Bell or Huntington Park zones may apply to Maywood Academy High School; Maywood Academy, which opened in 2005 and moved into its permanent campus in 2006, does not have its own attendance boundary because it lacks American football, track and field, and tennis facilities.^[52]

South Region Middle School 2 opened in Bell in 2010.^[53]

Private schools

Al-Hadi School is located in Bell.^[54]

Public libraries

Bell Library

County of Los Angeles Public Library operates the Bell Library at 4411 East Gage Avenue.^[55]

Parks and recreation

The city of Bell has several recreational facilities. The Bell Community Center hosts many events such as anniversaries, baptisms, birthdays, conferences, company parties, receptions, and seminars. Treder Park, located at the community center, has a gazebo, a pavilion with barbecues, and picnic tables.^[56] Camp Little Bear Park and Lodge is a park designed for children 12 and under. The park includes a three-in-one area for junior players with basketball, handball, and four square courts. The park also has an outdoor amphitheater for films, a miniature golf course, an indoor lodge with classrooms and computers, picnic pavilions, play equipment, rock climbing, and a small soccer (football) turf field.^[57]

Ernest Debs Park, also referred to as the "Casa de Fútbol" ("House of Soccer" in Spanish), has a soccer field with sport turf and a shaded outdoor fitness area with cardio, resistance, and strengthening equipment. The park also has one full and two half basketball courts, benches, pavilions, picnic tables, and table games.^[58] Veterans Memorial Park has one junior (half) and two full-court basketball courts, batting cages, a baseball diamond with stadium seating and scoreboards, tree-shaded benches, a clubhouse with computer access, large picnic pavilions, tree-shaded picnic tables, a playground for ages 2 through 12, a rose garden in honor of U.S. soldiers, and a snack bar.^[59] The Y.O.T.L.O.T. ("Youth of Today, Leaders of Tomorrow") Teen Center is a facility for teenagers. The center has air hockey, computer access, foosball, game systems, a pool table, a snack bar, and a stage. The Bell SK8 ("Skate") Park is located adjacent to the teen center.^[60]

See also

• List of California public officials charged with crimes, Bell
• South Los Angeles
• Gateway Cities

Notes

1. ^ "Incorporation Dates of California Cities". http://www.cacities.org/resource_files/20457.IncorpDateLO.doc. Retrieved 2007-01-18. 
2. ^ U.S. Census
3. ^ "USPS - ZIP Code Lookup - Find a ZIP+ 4 Code By City Results". http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/zcl_1_results.jsp?visited=1&pagenumber=0&state=ca&city=Bell. Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
4. ^ "Number Administration System - NPA and City/Town Search Results". http://www.nanpa.com/nas/public/npa_city_query_step2.do?method=displayData&cityToNpaModel.stateAbbr=CA&cityToNpaModel.city=Bell. Retrieved 2007-01-18. 
5. ^ ^{a b} "Cities with 25,000 population or more: C-1. Area and Population". County and City Data Book: 2007. U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/statab/ccdb/ccdbcityplace.html. Retrieved 2010-07-23. 
6. ^ "Smallest Cities in the United States". Geography.about.com. http://geography.about.com/b/2006/03/29/smallest-cities-in-the-united-states.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-26. 
7. ^ ^{a b c d} Vives, Ruben (2010-07-21). "Bell council seeks resignations of 3 city officials". latimes.com. http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-721-bell-20100721,0,3475382.story. Retrieved 2010-07-26. 
8. ^ "AG Jerry Brown subpoenas Bell officials, sets up voter fraud hotline | Los Angeles Wave - Community News, Sports & Entertainment | News". Wavenewspapers.com. 2010-08-10. http://www.wavenewspapers.com/news/Attorney-General-Jerry-Brown-subpoenas-Bell-officials-sets-up-voter-fraud-hotline-100321659.html. Retrieved 2010-08-17. 
9. ^ ^{a b c} "Timeline". Bell.k12.ca.us. http://www.bell.k12.ca.us/decades/history/timeline.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
10. ^ http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/score_lessons/foot_prinOn April 6, 2000, the Bell House was dedicated as a California State Historical Resource.ts/Files/lugo_era_history.htm
11. ^ ^{a b c} www.cityofbell.org/
12. ^ "Cinemas Around the World - United States - California". CinemaTour. http://www.cinematour.com/theatres/us/CA/2.html. Retrieved 2010-07-26. 
13. ^ ^{a b} "LAUSD School Profile". Search.lausd.k12.ca.us. 2009-09-16. http://search.lausd.k12.ca.us/cgi-bin/fccgi.exe?w3exec=school.profile.content&which=8536. Retrieved 2010-07-26. 
14. ^ Bell CA election, 2007: Web Search Results from Answers.com
15. ^ "Waiting For Oscar". CBS News. 2000-03-25. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/03/25/entertainment/main176360.shtml?source=search_story. 
16. ^ Rogers, John. "DA probes voter fraud allegations in Calif. city". PhillyBurbs.com. http://www.phillyburbs.com/news/news_details/article/116/2010/july/27/la-suburb-to-discuss-firing-high-paid-officials.html. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
17. ^ Gottlieb, Jeff; Vives, Ruben (2010-08-08). "Former Bell city manager's compensation totaled $1.5 million a year, records show". latimes.com. http://www.latimes.com/news/la-me-bell-manager-compensation-mobile,0,52255.story. Retrieved 2010-08-08. 
18. ^ http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/07/bell-council-found-loophole-in-law-to-allow-big-salaries.html
19. ^ CNN Wire Staff (15 September 2010). "California AG sues over California town's municipal salaries". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2010/US/09/15/california.bell.lawsuits/. Retrieved 16 September 2010. 
20. ^ Winton, Richard; Jeff Gottlieb and Andrew Blankstein. "L.A. County D.A. expands probe into Bell government", Los Angeles Times, 28 July 2010.
21. ^ Gelinas, Nicole (2010-08-16). "Bell stuck in a money rut". Articles.latimes.com. http://articles.latimes.com/2010/aug/16/opinion/la-oe-gelinas-bell-bonds-20100816/2. Retrieved 2010-08-30. 
22. ^ Rizzo faces 53 counts; Bell was 'corruption on steroids,' D.A. Cooley says. The Los Angeles Times, 2010-09-21
23. ^ "8 current, former Bell, California officials arrested". CNN. 2010-09-21. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/09/bell-charges-rizzo.html. Retrieved 2010-09-21. 
24. ^ Allen, Sam (2010-07-29). "California's city officials scramble to limit damage from Bell scandal". latimes.com. http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-bell-impact-20100729,0,6243085.story. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
25. ^ http://www.mercedsunstar.com/2010/11/11/1649516/bell-mayor-in-corruption-case.html
26. ^ ^{a b} RESULTS: March 8 Election Results - City of Bell Special Election - ktla.com
27. ^ ^{a b} http://www.enlacelink.com/news/2011/apr/11/scandal-plagued-la-suburbs-new-leaders-meet/
28. ^ http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9NTR0K81.htm
29. ^ cityofbell.org
30. ^ L.A. County: Bell, Compton Should Not Have Own Police Departments - Los Angeles News - The Informer
31. ^ "Hometown Fire Stations." Los Angeles County Fire Department. Retrieved on December 6, 2008.
32. ^ "Whittier Health Center." Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Retrieved on March 18, 2010.
33. ^ "Will Gerrymandered Districts Stem the Wave of Voter Unrest?". Campaign Legal Center Blog. http://www.clcblog.org/blog_item-85.html. Retrieved 2008-02-10. 
34. ^ "Post Office Location - BELL." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on December 6, 2008.
35. ^ "Post Office Location - BANDINI STATION." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on December 6, 2008.
36. ^ "CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING (1790-2000)". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/decennial/index.html. Retrieved 2010-07-30. 
37. ^ http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL1.ST13&prodType=table US Census Bureau
38. ^ All data are derived from the United States Census Bureau reports from the 2010 United States Census, and are accessible on-line here. The data on unmarried partnerships and same-sex married couples are from the Census report DEC_10_SF1_PCT15. All other housing and population data are from Census report DEC_10_DP_DPDP1. Both reports are viewable online or downloadable in a zip file containing a comma-delimited data file. The area data, from which densities are calculated, are available on-line here. Percentage totals may not add to 100% due to rounding. The Census Bureau defines families as a household containing one or more people related to the householder by birth, opposite-sex marriage, or adoption. People living in group quarters are tabulated by the Census Bureau as neither owners nor renters. For further details, see the text files accompanying the data files containing the Census reports mentioned above.
39. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
40. ^ Winton, Richard (2010-07-28). "Bell city scandal: L.A. County D.A. expands probe into Bell city government". latimes.com. http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-bell-elections-20100728,0,4351844.story?track=rss&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+latimes%2Fnews%2Flocal+%28L.A.+Times+-+California+. Retrieved 2010-08-03. 
41. ^ Palmeri, Christopher. "California City in Pay Probe Has Higher Tax Than Beverly Hills". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-07-27/california-city-in-pay-probe-has-higher-property-taxes-than-beverly-hills.html. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
42. ^ http://blogs.laweekly.com/informer/2010/12/bell_compton_police_department.php
43. ^ "Project Details". Laschools.org. 2010-02-26. http://www.laschools.org/project-status/one-project?project_number=47.02602. Retrieved 2010-07-26. 
44. ^ http://www.lausd.net/Corona_EL
45. ^ Corona Avenue Elementary School in Bell, CA | Education.com
46. ^ http://nueva-vista.lausd.k12.ca.us/
47. ^ Nueva Vista Elementary School in Bell, CA | Education.com
48. ^ You are about to leave the LAUSD Domain
49. ^ "Bell city, California." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on July 2, 2010.
50. ^ "Proposed Changes to South East HS Area Schools." Los Angeles Unified School District. Retrieved on June 24, 2010.
51. ^ "Official Bell High School Page". Bell.k12.ca.us. http://www.bell.k12.ca.us/index.html. Retrieved 2010-07-26. 
52. ^ "School History." Maywood Academy High School. Retrieved on July 2, 2010.
53. ^ "Project Details". Laschools.org. 2010-02-26. http://www.laschools.org/project-status/one-project?project_number=56.40022. Retrieved 2010-07-26. 
54. ^ "Our Location." Al-Hadi School. Retrieved on October 4, 2010.
55. ^ "Bell Library." County of Los Angeles Public Library. Retrieved on December 6, 2008.
56. ^ "Bell Community Center." City of Bell. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.
57. ^ "Camp Little Bear Park and Lodge." City of Bell. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.
58. ^ "Debs Park." City of Bell. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.
59. ^ "Veterans Memorial Park." City of Bell. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.
60. ^ "Y.O.T.L.O.T. Teen Center." City of Bell. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.

External links

	Los Angeles portal
	Greater Los Angeles portal
	Southern California portal

• Official website
• Bell High School
• Bell Library, County of Los Angeles Public Library
• City of Bell Ringers
• Watch Our City
• Timeline of Bell, California