Sino-Albanian split

Sino-Albanian split

The Sino-Albanian split (Chinese: 中阿破裂, Pinyin: Zhōng-Ā pòliè) in 1978 saw the parting of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Socialist People's Republic of Albania, which was the only Eastern European nation to side with the PRC in the Sino-Soviet split of the early 1960s.

History

The relations between CPC and PPSh had stagnated by 1970. When the Asian Giant began to reemerge from isolation in the early 1970s, Mao Zedong and other Communist Chinese leaders reassessed their commitment to Albania. In response, Tirana, led by Enver Hoxha, began broadening its international position. Albania opened trade negotiations with France, Italy and the newly independent Asian and African states, and later in 1971 it normalized relations with Yugoslavia and Greece. Albania's leaders abhorred the PRC's alliance with the United States in the early 1970s. Tirana press and radio ignored President Richard Nixon's trip to Beijing in 1972. Still, Albania proposed the key resolution in the UN General Assembly which enabled the PRC to replace the Republic of China in the United Nations.

Albania actively worked to reduce its dependence on China by diversifying trade and improving diplomatic and cultural relations especially with Western Europe. However, Albania shunned the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe and was the only European country (with the exception of Andorra) that refused to take part in the Helsinki Conference of July 1975.

Soon after Mao's death in 1976 and after the removal of the Gang of Four of the Cultural Revolution period, Hoxha condemned the new leadership as well as its Three Worlds Theory. The PRC's response was to invite Tito to Beijing in 1977, signaling the end of its assistance programs for Albania in 1978.

The break with the PRC left Albania without foreign protection. Tirana ignored calls by the United States and the Soviet Union to normalize relations. Instead, Albania expanded diplomatic ties with Western Europe and the developing nations and began stressing the principle of self-reliance as the keystone of the country's strategy for economic development.

International splits

Although of little importance in world politics, Sino-Albanian split and debates around Three Worlds Theory produced a major split in the international Maoist movement, with many anti-revisionist groups choosing to side with PPSh's orthodox stance, and other groups splitting over the issue. This tendency has occasionally been labeled as 'Hoxhaism' after Albanian leader Enver Hoxha. Main alliances of PPSh were in Africa, Turkey and in Latin America. Most notable groups include the Communist Party of Brazil in its fight against the pro-American military government and the Marxist-Leninist League of Tigray in its fight against the pro-Soviet government led by Mengistu Haile Mariam.

See also

* History of Communist Albania
* Three Worlds Theory
* Anti-Revisionism
* International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle)

External links

* [http://marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/imp_rev/toc.htm "Imperialism and the Revolution" (1978), Hoxha's work condemning Maoism]


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Sino-Soviet split — The Sino Soviet split was a gradual divergence of diplomatic ties between the People s Republic of China (PRC) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) during the Cold War. The split began in the late 1950s, reaching a peak in 1969 and… …   Wikipedia

  • Sino-Vietnamese War — Sino–Vietnamese War (Third Indochina War) Associated with the Cold War, Cambodian Vietnamese War Invasion of Vietnam by the People s Republic of China …   Wikipedia

  • Sino–Soviet border conflict — For the earlier border conflict, see Sino–Soviet conflict (1929). Sino–Soviet border conflict Part of the Cold War …   Wikipedia

  • Ruptura Sino-Albanesa — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda La ruptura sino albanesa o el cisma chino albanés, (chino: 中阿破裂, Pinyin: Zhōng Ā pòliè) se refiere a la tensión creciente y posterior separación (en 1978) entre el Partido Comunista Chino (PCCh) y el Partido Albanés… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Ruptura sino-albanesa — La ruptura sino albanesa o el cisma chino albanés, (chino: 中阿破裂, Pinyin: Zhōng Ā pòliè) se refiere a la tensión creciente y posterior separación (en 1978) entre el Partido Comunista Chino (PCCh) y el Partido del Trabajo de Albania (PAT o PPSh),… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Timeline of Albanian history to 1993 — Chronology of Important Events of Albania: Contents 1 2nd century AD 1 to 11th century 2 11th to 15th centuries 3 17th Century 4 18th century …   Wikipedia

  • People's Socialist Republic of Albania — Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërisë Satellite state of the Soviet Union (Until 1961) …   Wikipedia

  • Breakup of Yugoslavia — This article is about the events entailing the destruction of the Yugoslav state. For the military conflicts resulting from the dissolution of Yugoslavia, see Yugoslav Wars. Breakup of Yugoslavia An animated series of maps showing the breakup of… …   Wikipedia

  • Albania–Soviet Union relations — Russo Albanian Relations refers to the foreign relations between Albania and Russia. It may also refer to the relations between Albania and the former Soviet Union. Pre Communism Early Cold War Because the Soviet Red Army never entered Albania,… …   Wikipedia

  • Corfu Channel Incident — Date 1946 1948 …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”