Afghan American

Infobox Ethnic group
group = Afghan American


caption = Zalmay Khalilzad • Ali Ahmad Jalali
poptime = 65,972cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201:501;ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201PR:501;ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201T:501;ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201TPR:501&-qr_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-charIterations=463&-geo_id=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en |title=S0201. Selected Population Profile in the United States; Population Group: Afghan (600) |accessdate=2008-02-08 |work=2006 American Community Survey |publisher=United States Census Bureau]
popplace = West Coast, Northeast
langs = American English, Persian (Dari), Pashto, Uzbek, and other languages in Afghanistan
rels = Predominately Muslim

An Afghan American refers to an American with heritage or origins in Afghanistan.

History and population

Afghan Americans have a long history of immigrating to the United States, as they may have arrived as early as the 1920s.Eigo, Tim. Countries and their Cultures. "Afghan Americans." 2006. July 6, 2007. [http://www.everyculture.com/multi/A-Br/Afghan-Americans.html] ] Due to the political borders at that time period, some of these immigrants may have been Pashtuns from British India (present-day Pakistan) or Afghanistan. During the 1930s and 1940s, well-educated Afghans entered America. Between 1953 and early 1970, 230 migrated into the US. Some of those who entered the United States were often students who won scholarships to study in American universities. After the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, many people from Afghanistan decided to leave their country to immigrate or seek refuge in other countries. These Afghan refugees settled in Pakistan, Iran, the European Union, North America, Australia, and else where in the world.

Those who made it to the United States began to settle in the New York, California and Washington-Virginia areas, where large Muslim community centers keep them closely bonded. Smaller Afghan American communities can also be found in the States of Texas, Florida, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Illinois, Washington and elsewhere. Some figures estimate that there are approximately 80,000 Afghan Americans in the United States but the actual number may be 200,000.USA Today, [http://usatoday.com/news/nation/2001/09/20/kabul.htm 'Little Kabul' immigrants apprehensive (2001)] ] Nevertheless, such higher figures appear to be an exaggeration, as a recent census found approximately 9,000 of Afghan ancestry living in New York metro area, considerably lower than the 20,000 regularly cited. [ [http://www.gothamgazette.com/article/demographics/20040708/5/1029 New York Afghans Divided] ]

Culture

Despite major cultural differences between the two nations, Afghans living in the United States are proud to call themselves Americans and are considered patriotic. Many Afghan women in the United States wear similar clothes as Iranian Americans and Turkish Americans, and are allowed to work or study in colleges.

Some migrants from Afghanistan have attempted to not assimilate into American culture as they have valued their traditional culture even after several generations. Afghan Americans value their oral tradition of story telling. The stories they tell are about Nasreddin, history, myths and religion.

Religious background

The overwhelming majority of Afghan Americans are Muslim and practice Sunni Islam. Others practice the Shia sect, and have their own separate Shia mosques. There is a small community of Afghan Jews in New York City, numbering about 200 families many of whom speak neither Pashto nor Dari Persian, with even some emphasizing that they "weren't really Afghans by definition" but that they "just lived over there." [http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2007/6/c837c590-c06b-4c30-9017-36f29fc98437.html U.S.: Afghan Jews Keep Traditions Alive Far From Home]

Economics

While the early immigrants were well-educated, the subsequent waves of migrants have not been as educated. The first immigrants came to the US by choice and were well-educated. In contrast, current immigrants have fled Afghanistan after it destabilized during the Soviet occupation as this group has had trouble coping with learning a new language. Those who have pursued their education in America in the middle 20th century and traveled back to Afghanistan, faced trouble attaining employment when returning back to the US since their education, often in medicine and engineering, is frequently viewed as outdated. After the Soviet invasion, Afghanistan's education system worsened, causing many migrants in the late 20th century to place less emphasize on educational attainment. A sizable number of Afghan Americans who do not seek higher education often enter into the food industry business, mainly in running restaurants and fast food establishments such as Kennedy Fried Chicken, [The New York Times - [http://www.cantstopthebleeding.com/C1905609434/E504569718/index.html KFC v. KFC] ] or vending coffee and donuts in New York City where they have replaced Greek Americans in the field. [ [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9402E1DC1038F93BA2575AC0A961958260 The Face Behind the Bagel ; Afghan Newcomers Use Coffee Carts to Succeed As Vendors of New York's Rush-Hour Breakfast] ]

Post 9/11

After 9/11, a mosque run by Afghan-Americans in Flushing, New York donated blood, held a vigil for World Trade Center deceased and funded a memorial for the fire fighters. [BBC. Troubling Times for Afghan Americans. 2001. July 6, 2007. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1564157.stm] ]

Since late 2001, after the U.S. war in Afghanistan, a number of Afghan-Americans were hired to work for the U.S. government as translators.

Victims of hate crime

Despite that the September 11 hijackers were not from Afghanistan, Afghan Americans have increasingly faced discrimination in the United States, notably after the events of September 11. For instance, a few weeks after September 11, an individual went on a shooting rampage in Mesa, Arizona, where he shot at a home owned by an Afghan American. [Human Rights News. "Stop Hate Crimes Now." 2001. July 21, 2007. [http://www.hrw.org/press/2001/09/usreprisal0921.htm] ] Additionally, vandals defaced an Afghan restaurant with red liquid intended to appear as blood. Stewart, Anne. The American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee of Massachusetts. "Report on Hate Crimes and Discrimination Against Arab Americans." 2003. July 21, 2007. [http://www.adcma.org/2003%20Hate%20Crimes%20Report.pdf] ] Moreover, the Afghan Mission to the UN received a letter that contained quotes from Osama Bin Laden along with a dried pig's ear.

In more recent acts, Alia Ansari, a mother of six children, was shot dead in California on October 20, 2006, an incident which the victim's family and local leaders deemed a hate crime. [NBC 11 News. "Assaults On Bay Area Muslims On Rise." 2007. July 21, 2007. [http://www.nbc11.com/news/13617984/detail.html] ] [San Francisco Chronicle. 2007. July 21, 2007. [http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?/a/2006/10/21/BAGMTLTGM51.DTL] ] While wearing Islamic garb, namely, the hijab, Ansari was gunned down in front of her children. The incident eventually led to local politicians to call November 13 "wear-the-hijab-day". [Lisa Fernandez. [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_20061113/ai_n16845619 100 turn out in Fremont for "Wear a Hijab/Turban Day"] "Oakland Tribune", November 13 2006. Retrieved on 2008-03-24.]

Other Afghan Americans, like U.S. Air Force veteran Mustafa Aziz, have faced long delays in obtaining their US citizenship. The ACLU consequently filed a lawsuit and accused government officials of improperly delaying background checks and allowing applications to linger indefinitely. [Lawyers and Settlements. "US Governments." 2007. July 21, 2007. [http://www.lawyersandsettlements.com/case/immigrant_delay_classaction.html] ] In 2006, the ACLU claimed victory as Aziz ultimately received his citizenship. [American Civil Liberties Union. "ACLU/SC Wins Citizenship for Seven." 2006. July 21, 2007. [http://www.aclu-sc.org/News/Releases/2006/102066/] ]

Notable and famous individuals

*Zalmay Khalilzad - U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations
*Ali Ahmad Jalali - Distinguished Professor at the National Defense University in Washington, D.C.
*Abdul W. Haqiqi - Economist
*Nazif Shahrani - Professor of anthropology at Indiana University
*Arman Tarzi - President of the American Council of Public Policy
*Khaled Hosseini - Famous author of two books, including the Kite Runner
*Tamim Ansary - Author
*Fariba Nawa - Journalist
*Mithaq Kazimi - Filmmaker
*Farhad Darya - Famous male singer
*Naim Popal - Famous male singer
*Mariam Wafa - Famous female singer
*Ehsan Aman - Artist and music composer
*Azita Ghanizada - Actress and TV host
*Nabil Miskinyar - Television anchor
*Zuhra Osmani - News anchor and physician
*Hamed Qaderi - Television broadcaster
*Vida Samadzai - Award winner in Miss Earth 2003
*Zohra Daoud - Miss Afghanistan 1974

ee also

*Demography of Afghanistan
*Culture of Afghanistan

References

External links

* [http://www.a-acc.org/ Afghan-American Chamber of Commerce]
* [http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/voices/200201/0128speech.html Karzai Speaks to Afghan-Americans in Speech at Georgetown (2002)]
* [http://usatoday.com/news/nation/2001/09/20/kabul.htm 'Little Kabul' immigrants apprehensive (2001)]
* [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-479030.html In Va.'s Little Kabul, Joy; Afghans' Celebration Tempered by Fears Of Renewed Division]
* [http://www.awakenedwoman.com/alean_samira.htm Two Afghan women visit the Bay Area]