Harrogate hoard

Harrogate hoard

The Harrogate hoard is a 10th century Viking hoard of over 617 silver coins and other items, that was undisturbed when first found in 2007 near the town of Harrogate in North Yorkshire, England. [ [http://svc039.wic016v.server-web.com/consumer/page.php?section=344 David and Andrew Whelan, "Finding the Harrogate Hoard"] ] The hoard was the largest discovered in western Europe since 1840, when the Cuerdale hoard was found in Lancashire.cite news
title =Viking treasure find Britain's 'most important'
publisher ="Herald Sun"
date =2007-07-20
url =http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,22102986-401,00.htm
accessdate =2007-07-26
]

Discovery

On 6 January 2007, David Whelan, a semi-retired businessman from Leeds, and his son Andrew, a surveyor, discovered the Harrogate hoard using metal detectors.cite news
title =Treasure: Viking coins, jewelry found buried in field
publisher =Associated Press
date =2007-07-20
url =http://www.journalnow.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=WSJ/MGArticle/WSJ_BasicArticle&c=MGArticle&cid=1173352070340
accessdate =2007-07-26
] cite news
last =Kennedy
first =Maev
coauthors =Martin Wainwright
title =Treasure hunters share £1m Viking hoard looted from round the world
work =
pages =
language =
publisher ="The Guardian"
date =2007-07-20
url =http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/heritage/story/0,,2130832,00.html
accessdate =2007-07-26
] The Whelans told BBC News they have been metal detecting as a hobby for about five years.cite news
title =Viking treasure hoard uncovered
work =
pages =
language =
publisher ="BBC"
date =2007-07-19
url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/north_yorkshire/6906107.stm
accessdate =2007-07-26
]

They found the hoard in an empty field that had not yet been ploughed for spring sowing. Later the field was searched but no evidence of a settlement or structure was found. About 30 cm underneath the soil the Whelans found a silver bowl and could see coins and scraps of silver. The Whelans reported the find to Amy Cooper, Finds Liaison Officer of the Portable Antiquities Scheme: this was one of the first finds reported to Cooper.cite news
title =British treasure hunters unearth Viking hoard
work =CBC Arts
publisher ="CBC"
date =2007-07-19
url =http://www.cbc.ca/arts/artdesign/story/2007/07/20/viking-treasure.html
accessdate =2007-07-26
] The pair were commended for displaying "exemplary behaviour in not unpacking all the objects from the bowl, but keeping the find intact." The hoard was transferred to the British Museum, where conservators excavated each find to preserve the objects and "contextual information."cite web
last =Pett
first =Daniel
title =Most important Viking Treasure in 150 years found by metal detectorists in North Yorkshire
publisher=Portable Antiquities Scheme
date =2007-07-19
url =http://www.finds.org.uk/wordpress/index.php/339
accessdate =2007-07-26
] The discovery was announced on 19 July 2007. The British Museum press release stated, "The size and quality of the hoard is remarkable, making it the most important find of its type in Britain for over 150 years," and also said, "The find is of global importance, as well as having huge significance for the history of North Yorkshire". [cite web
title =Treasure Trove Inquest spotlights Viking heritage
work =Yorkshire Dales News
publisher =Daelnet
date =2007-07-19
url =http://www.daelnet.co.uk/countrynews/country_news_19072007.cfm
accessdate =2007-07-26
]

At a court hearing in Harrogate on 19 July, the hoard was classified as a Treasure by North Yorkshire coroner Geoff Fell under the Treasure Act 1996, which requires the find to be offered for sale to museums, with the proceeds divided by agreement between the discoverers and the landowner. The find will be valued by the Independent Treasure Valuation Committee for the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. The Whelans were quoted as saying that a conservative estimate for the value of the hoard was about £750,000.

Items

The hoard includes over 617 silver coins and 65 other items, including ornaments, ingots and precious metal, which were hidden in a gilt silver vessel lined with gold (variously identified as a cup, bowl, or pot) made in France or Germany around 900 and decorated with "vines, leaves and six hunting scenes showing lions, stags, and a horse". [cite news
last =Reynolds
first =Nigel
title =Viking find could net pair £500,000
publisher ="telegraph.co.uk"
date =2007-07-23
url =http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/07/20/nviking120.xml
accessdate =2007-07-26
] The vessel is thought to have been used to hold communion bread for a wealthy church or monastery in northern France and to have been acquired either in a Viking raid or as tribute. The cup is so closely paralleled by the Halton Moor cup, conserved in the British Museum, that both must be from the same Carolingian workshop and were produced in the mid-ninth century. [ [http://www.archaeology.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=405&Itemid=26 Amy Cooper, "The Harrogate Hoard", "Current Archaeology"] ] The vessel was buried in a lead chest.

A rare gold arm ring (possibly from Ireland), and hacksilver (fragments of cut metal sometimes used as currency) were also found. Reports indicate that the coins bear Islamic, Christian, and pre-Christian Norse pagan symbols: "some of the coins mixed Christian and pagan imagery, shedding light on the beliefs of newly Christianized Vikings."

The hoard had been protected by lead sheeting of some kind. The coins date from the late 9th and early 10th centuries, providing a "terminus post quem" for dating the hoard. The first theory as to a likely tenth-century occasion for such a careful burying was that it had belonged to a wealthy Viking leader during the unrest that followed the conquest of the Viking kingdom of Northumbria in the year 927 by the Anglo-Saxon king of a unified England, Athelstan (924–939). Another brief period of Viking rule in Northumbria also followed Athelstan’s death in 939; it lasted until the expulsion and murder of the Viking king of Jórvík (modern-day York), Eric Bloodaxe, in 954.

The hoard included objects from many diverse locations, including Samarkand in present-day Uzbekistan, North Africa, Afghanistan, Russia, Ireland, Scandinavia, and continental Europe, "illustrating the breadth of the Vikings' travels and trade connections."

Gareth Williams, curator of early medieval coins at the British Museum, examined the artifacts.

References


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