Art of Iceland

Icelandic visual art has been built on northern European traditions of the nineteenth century, but developed in distinct directions in the twentieth century, influenced in particular by the unique Icelandic landscape as well as by Icelandic mythology and culture.

Origins of contemporary Icelandic visual art

Contemporary Icelandic painting is typically traced to the work of Þórarinn Þorláksson, who, following formal training in art in the 1890s in Copenhagen, returned to Iceland to paint and exhibit works from 1900 to his death in 1924, almost exclusively portraying the Icelandic landscape. Þorláksson was not the only Icelandic artist learning in Denmark at that time: there were several Icelanders, both men and women, at the Academy in the closing years of the century, and these included Ásgrímur Jónsson, who together with Þorláksson created a distinctive portrayal of their home country's landscape in a romantic naturalistic style.

Landscape painting

The distinctive rendition of the Icelandic landscape by its painters can be linked to nationalism and the movement toward home rule and independence, which was very active in this period. Other landscape artists quickly followed in the footsteps of Þorláksson and Jónsson. These included Jóhannes Kjarval, Jón Stefánsson, and Júlíana Sveinsdóttir. Kjarval in particular is noted for the distinct techniques in the application of paint that he developed in a concerted effort to render the characteristic volcanic rock that dominates the Icelandic environment.

The emergence of abstract art

Abstract art became prominent in Iceland in the mid-twentieth century, spearheaded by artists such as Svavar Guðnason and Nína Tryggvadóttir. However some of the country's prominent artists working in that period eschewed abstractionism, such as Gunnlaugur Scheving who instead favoured narrative content and an approach to colour and form possibly influenced by fauvism and cubism; and Louisa Matthíasdóttir, based in New York, who learned from abstract expressionism but nevertheless painted from life.

The return of figurative art

Einar Hákonarson's show in 1968 distinguished itself from its Icelandic art scene then current as Hákonarson’s paintings were pop, figurative and expressionistic. This exhibition brought the figure back into the Icelandic painting, which had been dominated by the abstract art for years. [Visir "23.3 1968 http://www.einarhakonarson.com/media/articles-60s-part1.pdf.] Hakonarson said he was more influenced by feeling for nature, rather than by trying to paint a specific part of it. [ [RUV] Icelandic state TV "interview 1976 http://www.einarhakonarson.com/media.html. .] In his work can be seen different kinds of focus, for example on city life and the modern family unit. He has done a series about The Icelandic sagas, the Holocaust and communism, to name but a few. [ Morgunbladid "17.5 2003 http://www.einarhakonarson.com/media/articles-2000-part1.pdf ] Religious themes are common in Hákonarson’s art and he frequently makes pictures from the Bible. [ [RUV] Icelandic state "TV interview.http://www.einarhakonarson.com/media.html. ]

Icelandic art from the late twentieth century

The portrayal of the landscape through visual art has remained a prominent (perhaps the most prominent) theme in Icelandic art to the present day, often reflected in the exhibitions at the country's national gallery. Its 2007 summer exhibition, for example, was called "Alas Nature!" and described as an exhibition which "aims to examine nature in a different light and from a different angle from what is generally accepted". [National Gallery of Iceland, "Alas Nature!", http://www.listasafn.is/?expand=0-114&i=114&root=1, retrieved July 2007] Debate has occurred within the artistic community as to whether an appropriate balance has been struck in the support of galleries and public institutions for different media, traditions and subjects in Icelandic visual art. [Einar Hákonarson, "Biography", http://www.einarhakonarson.com/bio.html, retrieved July 2007]

References

Reading

*Ólafur Kvaran (ed.), "Þórarinn B. Þorláksson: Pioneer at the Dawn of a Century", Listasafn Íslands, Reykjavík, 2000.
*Ólafur Kvaran and Karla Kristjánsdóttir (eds), "Confronting Nature: Icelandic Art of the 20th Century", National Gallery of Iceland, Reykjavík, 2001.
*Hrafnhildur Schram, Dagny Heiddal and Harpa Thórsdóttir, "Patterns of Land and Colour: Júlíana Sveinsdóttir", Listasafn Íslands, Reykjavík, 2003.
*Jed Perl (ed.), "Louisa Matthiasdottir", Hudson Hills Press, New York, 1999, ISBN 1-55595-197-X

External links

* [http://www.listasafn.is/?root=1 National Gallery of Iceland (Listasafn Íslands)]
* [http://www.cia.is CIA.IS - Center for Icelandic Art]
* [http://www.artnews.is LIST icelandic art news]
* [http://www.EinarHakonarson.com Einar Hákonarson official website]

ee also

* Architecture of Iceland
* Culture of Iceland
* List of Icelandic artists
* Center for Icelandic Art
* LIST Icelandic Art News
* SEQUENCES real-time art festival