Kissimmee River

Geobox | River
name = Kissimmee River
category = River

---

image_size = 300
image_caption = A stretch of the straightened and channelized Kissimmee River in central Florida
etymology =
country = United States
country_

state = Florida
region_type = County
region =
district =
parent =
tributary_left =
tributary_right =
source = East Lake Tohopekaliga
source_location = Osceola County
source_region =
source_state = Florida
source_elevation_imperial =
source_elevation_note =
source_length_imperial =
source_lat_d = 27
source_lat_m = 59
source_lat_s = 25
source_lat_NS = N
source_long_d = 81
source_long_m = 22
source_long_s = 44
source_long_EW = W
source_coordinates_note = GNIS|271849|Kissimmee River]
mouth = Lake Okeechobee
mouth_location =
mouth_district =
mouth_region =
mouth_state = Florida
mouth_country =
mouth_note =
mouth_lat_d = 27
mouth_lat_m = 8
mouth_lat_s = 34
mouth_lat_NS = N
mouth_long_d = 80
mouth_long_m = 51
mouth_long_s = 16
mouth_long_EW = W
mouth_coordinates_note =
mouth_elevation_imperial =
mouth_elevation_note =
length_imperial = 134
length_note =
watershed_imperial = 3000
watershed_note =
discharge_location =
discharge_round =
discharge_imperial =
discharge_note =
discharge_min_imperial =
discharge_max_imperial =
discharge1_location =
discharge1_imperial =
discharge1_note =


map_size = 300
map_caption = The Kissimmee River flows down the middle of central Florida into Lake Okeechobee.
commons = The Kissimmee River is a river in south-central Florida, United States.

Course

The Kissimmee River arises in Osceola County as the outflow from East Lake Tohopekaliga, passing through Lake Tohopekaliga, Lake Cypress, Lake Hatchineha and Lake Kissimmee. Below Lake Kissimmee, the river forms the boundary between Osceola County and Polk County, between Highlands County and Okeechobee County, and between Glades County and Okeechobee County before it flows into Lake Okeechobee. The river was originally 134 miles in length, 103 miles of which was between Lake Kissimmee and Lake Okeechobee. It drains a watershed of 3,000 square miles and forms the headwaters of the Kissimmee River-Lake Okeechobee-Everglades ecosystem.

The floodplain of the river supports a diverse community of waterfowl, wading birds, fish, and other wildlife.

Flood control

The 1947 Atlantic hurricane season, which included the 1947 Fort Lauderdale Hurricane and the 1947 October Hurricane, produced very heavy rainfall and flooding over most of central and southern Florida. Florida requested federal assistance in controlling future floods, and in 1954 the United States Congress authorized the canalization of the Kissimee River. From 1962 to 1970 the United States Army Corps of Engineers dredged the C-38 Canal down the Kissimmee valley, shortening the 103 mile distance from Lake Kissimmee to Lake Okeechobee to just 56 miles. It has since been realized that this project damaged the river, with the faster water flow leading to major environmental problems in the Kissimmee Valley and Lake Okeechobee. Efforts are currently underway to reverse the process and re-introduce the many oxbows in the river that slowed the water.Hinnant, Lee. 1990. Kissimmee River. in Marth, Del and Marty Marth, eds. "The Rivers of Florida". Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press. ISBN 0-910923-70-1.]

Effects of channelization

After the river channel was straightened, 40,000 acres (160 km²) of floodplain below Lake Kissimmee dried out, reducing the quality of waterfowl habitat by ninety percent, and the number of herons, egrets and wood storks by two-thirds. Catches of largemouth bass in the river were consistently worse after the channelization. While the Kissimmee was not a significant source of pollution for Lake Okeechobee before channelization, in the 1970s and later the river contributed about 25% of the nitrogen and 20% of the phosphorus flowing into the lake.

References in Popular Culture

In protest to the canalization of the river and its resultant damage to the habitat, Florida author Piers Anthony based the plot of the tenth Xanth novel, Vale of the Vole, around the straightening of the "Kiss-Me River," an obvious parody to "Kissimmee."

Restoration

Efforts to restore the Kissimmee River to its original flow were approved by Congress in 1992, and began with modification to the headwater lakes in 1997. [https://my.sfwmd.gov/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/PG_GRP_SFWMD_WATERSHED/SUBTABS_KISSIMMEE_HOME/TAB1834093/KISSFLYR.PDF] The United States Army Corps of Engineers currently hopes to complete the project in 2011. [https://my.sfwmd.gov/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/PG_GRP_SFWMD_WATERSHED/SUBTABS_KISSIMMEE_PROJECTS/TAB1834097/KRRCONSTRUCTIONSCHEDULEJAN2007.PDF]

References

External links

* [http://www.sfwmd.gov/portal/page?_pageid=2814,19613288,2814_19613329&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL South Florida Water Management District: Kissimmee River]
* [http://www.saj.usace.army.mil/dp/krr/index.htm U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Kissimmee River Restoration]
* [http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/guide/kissrivrest.html University of Florida: Kissimmee River restoration]