James Rudolph Garfield

:"For his father, the 20th President of the United States, see James Abram Garfield."Infobox US Cabinet official
name=James Rudolph Garfield

---

image_width=230px
order=23rd
title=United States Secretary of the Interior
term_start=March 5, 1907
term_end=March 5, 1909
predecessor=Ethan Allen Hitchcock
successor=Richard Achilles Ballinger
birth_date=birth date|1865|10|17|mf=y
birth_place=Hiram, Ohio, U.S.
death_date=death date and age|1950|3|24|1865|10|17
death_place=Washington, D.C., U.S.
party=Republican, Progressive
spouse=Helen Newell Garfield
profession=Politician, Lawyer
religion=

James Rudolph Garfield (October 17, 1865 – March 24, 1950) was a U.S. politician, lawyer and son of President James Abram Garfield and First Lady Lucretia Garfield.

Early life

He was born in Hiram, Ohio, the third of seven children born to James Abram and Lucretia Rudolph Garfield. For a year prior to his father's presidency, he studied at St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire. On July 2, 1881, at the age of 15, he witnessed the shooting of his father by disgruntled office-seeker Charles J. Guiteau at the Baltimore and Potomac railroad station in Washington. The President and his son were waiting for a train en route to Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, where young James had been recently accepted, when the shooting took place.

College and early career

Following his father's death on September 19, 1881, he studied at Williams College, graduating in 1885, before moving on to Columbia University where he studied law and earned his J.D. in 1888. That same year, he was admitted to the Ohio bar and established the Cleveland, Ohio-based law firm of Garfield and Garfield, with his brother Harry Augustus Garfield. From 1890 until her death in 1930, he was married to Helen Newell. Their grandson, Newell Garfield, later married Jane Harrison Walker, a granddaughter of President Benjamin Harrison and Harrison's second wife Mary Dimmick Harrison as well as the great-grandniece of James G. Blaine.

Political career

From 1896 to 1899, he served in the Ohio State Senate. He was an influential advisor to President Theodore Roosevelt, serving as a Member of the United States Civil Service Commission from 1902 to 1903. From 1903 to 1907, he served as Commissioner of Corporations at the Department of Commerce and Labor, where he conducted investigations of the meat-packing, petroleum, steel, and railroad industries. From 1907 to 1909, he served in Roosevelt's Cabinet as Secretary of the Interior, where he advocated for the conservation of natural resources. During the 1912 presidential election, he was a key supporter of Roosevelt's bid for a third term. In 1914, he made an unsuccessful bid for Ohio Lieutenant Governor on the Progressive Party ticket.

World War I

Roosevelt selected Garfield as one of eighteen officers (others included: Seth Bullock, Frederick Russell Burnham, and John M. Parker) to raise a volunteer infantry division, Roosevelt's World War I volunteers, for service in France in 1917. The U.S. Congress gave Roosevelt the authority to raise up to four divisions similar to the "Rough Riders" of 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry Regiment and to the British Army 25th (Frontiersmen) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers; however, as Commander-in-chief, President Woodrow Wilson refused to make use of the volunteers and the unit disbanded.cite book | last =Roosevelt | first =Theodore | authorlink =Theodore Roosevelt | coauthors = | title =The Foes of Our Own Household | publisher =George H. Doran company| date =1917 | location =New York| pages = 347 | url = | doi = | id =LCCN 17025965]

Garfield died in Washington, D.C. on March 24, 1950, the last surviving member of Theodore Roosevelt's administration. He was interred in Mentor Municipal Cemetery in Mentor, Ohio beside his wife Helen.

References

* [http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/E/E-G1arfieldJ1R1.asp encyclopedia.com article]

External links

* [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=10155833 James Rudolph Garfield] at Find A Grave [http://www.loc.gov/rr/mss/text/garfldjr.html James Rudolph Garfield Papers (Library of Congress) ] at www.loc.gov