Mamluk dynasty of Delhi

The Mamluk Dynasty or Ghulam Dynasty (Urdu: غلام خاندان, Hindi: ग़ुलाम ख़ानदान) served as the first Sultans of Delhi in India from 1206 to 1290. The founder of the dynasty, Qutb-ud-din Aybak, was a Turkish ex-slave of the Aybak tribe who rose to command the armies and administer the territory of Muhammad Ghori in India.

After Muhammad Ghori's death in 1206 without an heir, Qut-bud-din fought off rivals to take possession of Muhammad Ghori's Indian empire. He established his capital first at Lahore, and later at Delhi, where he started building the Qutb complex.

Qut-bud-din died accidentally in 1210, and after a succession struggle, Iltutmish, another Turkish ex-slave, emerged as Sultan. Iltutmish married Qut-bud-din's daughter, and all but one of the later sultans of the dynasty were his descendants, including his daughter, Razia, who reigned for four years. Sultan Balban was also an ex-slave, who commanded the armies of Sultan Nasir-ud-din, and kept the Mongols at bay, eventually securing the throne for himself. After the brief reigns of Balban's grandson and great-grandson, the Mamluk dynasty was overthrown by Jalal-ud-din Feroz Khalji of the Khilji dynasty, who had established themselves in Bihar and Bengal in Muhammad Ghori's reign.

List of sultans

*Qutb-ud-din Aybak (1206–1210)
*Aram Shah (1210–1211)
*Shams ud din Iltutmish (1211–1236), son-in-law of Qut-bud-din Aybak.
*Rukn ud din Firuz (1236), son of Iltutmish.
*Raziyyat-ud-din Sultana (1236–1240), daughter of Iltutmish.
*Muiz ud din Bahram (1240–1242), son of Iltutmish.
*Ala ud din Masud (1242–1246), son of Ruk-nud-din.
*Nasir ud din Mahmud (1246–1266), son of Iltutmish.
*Ghiyas ud din Balban (1266–1286), ex-slave, son-in-law of Iltutmish.
*Muiz ud din Qaiqabad (1286–1290), grandson of Balban and Nasir-ud-din.
*Kayumars of Delhi (1290), son of Muiz-ud-din.

ee also

*Delhi Sultanate

External links

* [http://www.islamicarchitecture.org/dynasties/mamluks.html Mamluks - Military slave dynasty]