Salt, Jordan

Salt السلط
—  City  —
Seal
Nickname(s): Saltus (Ancient Greek)
Salt Location in Jordan
Coordinates: 32°02′N 35°44′E / 32.033°N 35.733°E / 32.033; 35.733
Country	Jordan
Governorate	Balqa Governorate
Founded	300 B.C.
Municipality	1887
Government
- Type	Municipality
- Mayor	Salameh Hiyari
Area[1]
- City	18.5 sq mi (48 km2)
- Metro	30.5 sq mi (79 km2)
Elevation	2,690 ft (820 m)
Population (2004)
- City	71,100
- Density	3,830.6/sq mi (1,479/km2)
- Metro	96,674
Time zone	UTC+2 (UTC+2)
- Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (UTC+3)
Area code(s)	+(962)5
Website	http://www.salt.gov.jo/ar

Salt (Arabic: السلط‎ As-Salt — pronounced As-Sult or As-Sàlt) is an ancient agricultural town and administrative centre in west-central Jordan. It is on the old main highway leading from Amman to Jerusalem. Situated in the Balqa highland, about 790–1100 metres above sea level, the town is built in the crook of three hills, close to the Jordan River valley. One of the three hills (Jebal Al Qal'a) is the site of a 13th century ruined fortress. It is the capital of the Balqa Governorate.

The Greater Salt Municipality has about 97,000 inhabitants (2006).

History

The city of Salt is located on hilly plateaus

The countryside of Salt

It is not known when the city was first inhabited, but it is believed that it was built by the Macedonian army during the reign of Alexander the Great. The town was known as Saltus in Byzantine times and was the seat of a bishopric. At this time the town was considered to be the principal settlement on the East Bank, of the Jordan River. The settlement was destroyed by the Mongols and then rebuilt during the reign of the Mamluk sultan Baybars I (1260–1277) and became a regional capital once more during the time of the Ottoman Empire. In the early 1830s, Salt was again attacked, this time being blown up during a raid by the Egyptian viceroy Ibrahim Pasha in his campaigns against the Ottomans in Palestine.

Salt's heyday was in the late 19th century when traders arrived from Nablus to expand their trading network eastwards beyond the River Jordan. As a result of the influx of newcomers this period saw the rapid expansion of Salt from a simple peasant village into a town with many architecturally elegant buildings, many built in the Nablusi style from the attractive honey-coloured local stone. A large number of buildings from this era survive as of 2009.

After World War I, the town was the site which Herbert Samuel, British high commissioner for Palestine, chose to make his announcement that the British favoured a Hejazi Hashimite ruled entity in the East Bank of the Palestine mandate (modern Jordan) (which was granted in 1921).

When Prince Abdullah I rise to power, As-Salt seemed to be the city that would be chosen as the capital of the new kingdom since most of the industry and commerce flowed through here. Salt was the smallest city in TransJordan and has no high schools. Prince Abdullah 2 picked the city as the capital of his emerging emirate but changed his mind and moved his compound and entourage to Amman when he and the notables of Salt had a disagreement. Amman which was a small city of only 20,000 people then city experienced rapid growth.

Metropolitan Districts

The Hamam street in the old town of Salt

The Greater Salt Municipality is divided into nine districts:

	District	Population (2006)	Area (Km2)
1	Salt City	71,100	48
2	Zai	2580	7.7
3	Umm Jouzeh	3355	4.2
4	Wadi Alhoor	1815	1.73
5	Al-Yazeediyeh	900	1.08
6	Yarqa	5300	4.154
7	Ira	4100	4.4
8	Allan	4640	3.8
9	Rumaimeen	2884	4,3

Agriculture

A view of Wadi Shu'aib

Salt is famed in Jordan for its fertile soil and the quality of its fruit and vegetable harvests, particularly olives, tomatoes, grapes & peaches. Indeed, it is speculated that the town's name provided the root for sultana, a certain type of raisin. It is thought that the name Salt was derived from the city Saltos of the Roman Empire.

Wadi Shu'aib (Valley of Jethro) is one of the largest agricultural sites in Salt city, a valley with large agricultural areas. It is named after one of the prophets in Islam (as well as Christianity and Judaism), Shoaib (Jethro), who was the father-in-law of Moses and one of the descendants of Ibrahim (Abraham). Most privately owned farms are located in this valley; the primary crops are grapes, olives and fruit-bearing trees.

Tourism

An ancient town, Salt was once the most important settlement in the area between the Jordan Valley and the eastern desert. Because of its history as an important trading link between the eastern desert and the west, it was a significant place for the region’s many rulers. The Romans, Byzantines and Mameluks all contributed to the growth of the town but it was at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, during Ottoman rule, when Salt enjoyed its most prosperous period.

It was at that time that the Ottomans established a regional administrative base in Salt and encouraged settlement from other parts of their empire. As the town’s status increased, many merchants arrived and, with their newly acquired wealth, built the fine houses that can still be admired in Salt today.

These splendid yellow sandstone buildings incorporate a variety of local and European styles. Typically, they have domed roofs, interior courtyards and characteristic tall, arched windows. Perhaps the most beautiful is the Abu Jaber mansion, built between 1892 and 1906, which has frescoed ceilings, painted by Italian artists, and is reputed to be the finest example of a 19th century merchant house in the region.

Tightly built on a cluster of three hills, Salt has several other places of interest, including Roman tombs on the outskirts of town and the Citadel and site of the town’s early 13th century Ayyubid fortress which was built by al- Ma’azzam Isa, the nephew of Saladine soon after 1198 AD. There is also a small museum and a handicraft school where you can admire the traditional skills of ceramics, weaving, silk-screen printing and dyeing. Salt’s Archaeological & Folklore Museum displays artifacts dating back to the Chalcolithic period to the Islamic era as well as other items relating to the history of the area. In the folklore museum there is a good presentation of Bedouin and traditional costumes and everyday folkloric items.

References

1. ^ Salt Greater Municipality

2.As Salt City Blogger

Coordinates: 32°02′N 35°44′E / 32.033°N 35.733°E / 32.033; 35.733