Vicia

Taxobox
name = "Vicia"


image_width = 240px
image_caption = "Vicia grandiflora"
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Magnoliopsida
ordo = Fabales
familia = Fabaceae
subfamilia = Faboideae
tribus = Vicieae
genus = "Vicia"
genus_authority = L.
subdivision_ranks = Species
subdivision = About 140 species, including: "Vicia americana" (American Vetch)
"Vicia articulata" Hornem. (Bard Vetch) "Vicia bithynica" (Bithynian Vetch) "Vicia canescens" "Vicia cassubica" (Danzig Vetch) "Vicia cracca" (Tufted Vetch) "Vicia dumetorum" "Vicia ervilia" (Bitter Vetch) "Vicia faba" (Broad Bean) "Vicia lathyroides" (Spring Vetch) "Vicia lutea" (Yellow Vetch) "Vicia monantha" (single flowered vetch) "Vicia narbonensis" "Vicia onobrychioides" "Vicia oroboides" "Vicia orobus" (Upright Vetch) "Vicia pannonica" "Vicia pisiformis" (Pea-flowered Vetch) "Vicia pyrenaica" "Vicia sativa" (Winter Vetch) "Vicia sepium" (Bush Vetch) "Vicia sylvatica" (Wood Vetch) "Vicia tenuifolia" (Fine-leaved Vetch) "Vicia tenuissima" (Slender Vetch) "Vicia tetrasperma" (Smooth Vetch) "Vicia unijuga" "Vicia villosa" (Hairy or Fodder Vetch)

"Vicia" (Vetches) is a large genus of about 140 species of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, native to Europe, Asia and Africa. One species, "Vicia faba", commonly known as Broad Bean or fava bean is cultivated for human consumption, while a number of other species "Vicia sativa", "Vicia ervilia", "Vicia articulata Hornem." and "Vicia narbonensis" are cultivated as forage and grain legume for livestock or green manure. "Vicia villosa", "Vicia benghalensis" and "Vicia pannonica" are cultivated for forage and green manure. Other species are wild flowers. Some have been identified as sources for unusual lectins.

"Vicia ervilia" is one of the first crops domesticated in the Near East.

"Vicia" species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including "Chionodes lugubrella" (recorded on "V. cracca"), Angle Shades, Double-striped Pug, The Flame, Lime-speck Pug and two case-bearers of the genus "Coleophora" which feed exclusively on "Vicia": "C. cracella" and "C. fuscicornis" (the latter feeds exclusively on "V. tetrasperma").

Certain species of vetch are suitable for consumption by ruminant animals, but not for single-stomach animals including humans, due to a toxin. However, split vetch seed ("Vicia sativa") resembles split red lentils ("Lens culinaris"), and cases have been reported of vetch being deliberately mislabelled (by exporters or importers) and sold for human consumption to countries such as Bangladesh, Pakistan and Egypt, which are traditional consumers of lentils. This has resulted in import bans by those countries. ("ref." [http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/helthrpt/stories/s22429.htm Vetch Scandal] )

References

*"The Wild Flowers of Britain and Northern Europe." Fitter, R. & A., Collins 1974.
*Enneking, D. 1995. [http://www.general.uwa.edu.au/u/enneking/enneking_thesis.htm "The toxicity of Vicia species and their utilisation as grain legumes"] .
* [http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/helthrpt/stories/s22429.htm Vetch Scandal] "Health Report, Australian Broadcasting Corporation" 19 April 1999. whatss lakshdafaf

External links

* Laghetti, G. et al. 2000 [http://www.springerlink.com/(qycbvx55kty2do55vx13vo45)/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&backto=issue,13,13;journal,42,150;linkingpublicationresults,1:102893,1 "Single-flowered vetch (Vicia articulata Hornem.): A relic crop in Italy"] (requires subscription)
* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=VICIA "Vicia Plant profiles (USDA)"]
* Mansfeld's database for cultivated plants (search for Vicia, 17 cultivated tax listed) [http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/]
* FAO's Neglected crops: 1492 from a different perspective [http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0646e/T0646E0q.htm#Grain%20legumes%20for%20animal%20feed,"Chapter 26: Grain legumes for animal feed"]