John Hill (author)

John Hill (c. 1716 – November 21, 1775), called from his Swedish honours, "Sir" John Hill, English author, son of the Rev. Theophilus Hill, is said to have been born in Peterborough.

He was apprenticed to an apothecary and on the completion of his apprenticeship he set up in a small shop in St Martin's Lane, Westminster. He also travelled over the country in search of rare herbs, with a view to publishing a "hortus siccus", but the plan failed. His first publication was a translation of Theophrastus's "History of Stones" (1746).

From this time forward he was an indefatigable writer. He edited the "British Magazine" (1746-1750), and for two years (1751-1753) he wrote a daily letter, "The Inspector," for the "London Advertiser" and "Literary Gazette". He also produced novels, plays and scientific works; and was a large contributor to the supplement of Ephraim Chambers's "Cyclopaedia".

His personal and scurrilous writings involved him in many quarrels. Henry Fielding attacked him in the "Covent Garden Journal", Christopher Smart wrote a mock-epic, "The Hilliad", against him, and David Garrick replied to his strictures against him by two epigrams, one of which runs: "For physics and farces, his equal there scarce is; His farces are physic, his physic a farce is."

He had other literary passages-at-arms with John Rich, who accused him of plagiarizing his "Orpheus", also with Samuel Foote and Henry Woodward. From 1759 to 1775 he was engaged on a huge botanical work--"The Vegetable System" (26 vols fol.)--adorned by 1600 copper-plate engravings. Hill's botanical labours were underaken at the request of his patron, Lord Bute, and he was rewarded by the order of Vasa from the king of Sweden in 1774. He had a medical degree from Edinburgh, and he now practised as a quack doctor, making considerable sums by the preparation of vegetable medicines.

Of the seventy-six separate works with which he is credited in the Dictionary of National Biography, the most valuable are those that deal with botany. He is said to have been the author of the second part of "The Oeconomy of Human Life" (1751), the first part of which is by Lord Chesterfield, and Hannah Glasse's famous manual of cookery was generally ascribed to him (see Boswell, ed. "Hill", iii. 285). Dr Johnson said of him that he was "an ingenious man, but had no veracity." See a "Short Account of the Life, Writings and Character of the late Sir John Hill" (1779), which is chiefly occupied with a descriptive catalogue of his works; also "Temple Bar" (1872, xxxv. 261-266).

Works

*John Hill: "The virtues of honey in preventing many of the worst disorders; and in the certain cure of several others. the gravel, asthmas. consumptions, etc." London, Printed for J. Davis and M. Cooper. (1759) was the first book about honey.

References

* George Rousseau (1981). "The Letters and Private Papers of Sir John Hill" (New York: AMS Press, 1981).

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