OPAL

OPAL (Open Pool Australian Lightwater reactor) is a 20 megawatt pool-type nuclear research reactor that was officially opened in April 2007 at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Research Establishment at Lucas Heights in south Sydney, Australia.

History

The Argentine company INVAP S.E. was the main contractor responsible for the delivery of the reactor, performing the design, construction and commissioning.

OPAL was opened on April 20 2007 by Prime Minister John Howard [cite news|url=http://www.abc.com.au/news/stories/2007/04/20/1902008.htm|title=PM to officially open nuclear reactor|date=2007-04-20|accessdate=2007-10-25|publisher=ABC News (Australia)] [cite news|url=http://www.ansto.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/9662/OPAL_opening_release.pdf|title=PM Opens Australia’s New Nuclear Reactor|date=2007-04-20|accessdate=2007-10-25|publisher=ANSTO|format=PDF] and is the replacement for the HIFAR reactor. ANSTO received an operating license from the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) in July 2006, allowing commencement of hot commissioning, where fuel is first loaded into the reactor core. OPAL went critical for the first time on 13 August 2006 and reached full power on November 3 2006. [ [http://www.invap.net/news/novedades-e.php?id=20061110183244 Sydney Opal reactor at full power] ]

Facility details

The reactor core consists of 16 low enriched plate type fuel assemblies and is located under 10 metres of water in an open pool. Light water (normal H₂O) is used as the coolant and moderator while heavy water (D₂O) is used as the neutron reflector.

OPAL is expected to become the centrepiece of the facilities at ANSTO, providing more efficient and rapid radiopharmaceutical and radioisotope production, irradiation services (including neutron transmutation doping of silicon), neutron activation analysis and neutron beam research, outperforming the current ANSTO reactor in every aspect. OPAL will be able to produce four times as many radioisotopes for nuclear medicine treatments, and a wider array of radioisotopes for the treatment of disease. The design includes a cold neutron source (CNS) allowing research not possible at the existing facility.

The OPAL reactor already has received seven awards in Australia [ [http://www.invap.net/news/novedades-e.php?id=20061114194744 already has received seven awards in Australia ] ]

Neutron scattering at OPAL

The Bragg Institute at ANSTO hosts OPAL's neutron scattering facility and comprises the following instruments:

* ECHIDNA - High Resolution Powder Diffractometer
* PLATYPUS - Reflectometer
* TAIPAN - Thermal 3-Axis Spectrometer
* KOALA - Quasi Laue Diffractometer.
* QUOKKA - Small-Angle Neutron Scattering
* WOMBAT - High Intensity Powder Diffractometer
* KOWARI - Residual-Stress Diffractometer
* PELICAN - Time of Flight Polarisation Analysis Spectrometer
* SIKA - Cold Neutron 3-Axis Spectrometer

hutdown due to loose fuel plates

Following the discovery of loose fuel plates during a routine inspection, the ANSTO announced on July 27 2007 that the reactor would be shut down for 8 weeks to fix the fuel plates and a minor fault causing light water to seep into the reactor's heavy water. [cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/07/27/1990090.htm|title=Sydney nuclear reactor to shut down|date=2007-07-27|accessdate=2007-10-25|publisher=ABC News (Australia)] [cite news|url=http://www.ansto.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/16201/Reactor_shutdown.pdf|title=Reactor to shut down for about eight weeks|date=2007-07-27|accessdate=2007-10-25|publisher=ANSTO|format=PDF]

According to reports, during the examinations no radiation leakages were detected, although it took much longer than 8 weeks to obtain the necessary clearances to complete repairs and readjustments. ANSTO announced on 25 October 2007 that the reactor would remain shut down until early 2008 while it sought approval from ARPANSA to restart the reactor. [cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/10/25/2069878.htm|title=Lucas Heights to stay closed till 2008|date=2007-10-25|accessdate=2007-10-25|author=Sabra Lane|publisher=ABC News (Australia)] [cite news|url=http://www.ansto.gov.au/news_repository/web_statement.html|title=OPAL: back on line in early New Year|date=2007-10-25|accessdate=2007-10-25|publisher=ANSTO]

As of March 2008, the reactor remains shut down. According to an ANSTO news release on 22 February 2008, "Late last week, ARPANSA submitted a series of questions on the application, which ANSTO will respond to as quickly as possible. This is expected to take some weeks." [cite news|url=http://www.ansto.gov.au/news_repository/reactor_fuel_submission.html|title=Reactor fuel submission|date=2008-02-22|accessdate=2008-03-12|publisher=ANSTO]

The supply of radiopharmaceuticals has been rationed, causing the postponement of some treatments for patients; this is causing some concern amongst doctors in nuclear medicine. [cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/idle-reactor-keeps-sick-waiting-for-treatment/2008/02/22/1203467388895.html|title=Idle reactor keeps sick waiting for treatment|date=2008-02-23cRichard Macey|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia)]

The OPAL nuclear research reactor returned to full operational power on 23 May 2008 after a 10 month shutdown following approval by the nuclear regulator, ARPANSA to use a modified fuel design. [cite news|url=http://www.ansto.gov.au/discovering_ansto/anstos_research_reactor/reactor_status.html|title=Reactor status|date=2008-09-17cANSTO|publisher=ANSTO (Australia)]

ee also

*Anti-nuclear movement in Australia

References

External links

* [http://www.ansto.gov.au/discovering_ansto/anstos_research_reactor.html OPAL]
* [http://old-www.ansto.gov.au/ari "ANSTO Radiopharmaceuticals and Industrials"]
* [http://www.ansto.gov.au/bragg.html "Bragg Institute"]
* [http://www.invap.net/ "INVAP Nuclear Division designs"]
* [http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200501/s1287833.htm Announcement of the new reactor's name]
* [http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/nuclear-reactor-to-reopen-after-sixmonth-shutdown/2007/12/26/1198345080938.html Nuclear reactor to reopen after six-month shutdown]
* [http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/01/10/2135942.htm Govt expects nuclear reactor to restart this month]