Orleans, Indiana

Orleans, Indiana
—  Town  —
Location of Orleans in the state of Indiana
Coordinates: 38°39′40″N 86°27′12″W / 38.66111°N 86.45333°W / 38.66111; -86.45333Coordinates: 38°39′40″N 86°27′12″W / 38.66111°N 86.45333°W / 38.66111; -86.45333
Country	United States
State	Indiana
County	Orange
Township	Orleans
Area
– Total	1.6 sq mi (4.1 km2)
– Land	1.6 sq mi (4.1 km2)
– Water	0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2)
Elevation	633 ft (193 m)
Population (2010)
– Total	2,142
– Density	1,449.3/sq mi (559.6/km2)
Time zone	Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
– Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code	47452
Area code(s)	812
FIPS code	18-57024[1]
GNIS feature ID	0440701[2]
Website	http://www.town.orleans.in.us/

Orleans is a town in Orleans Township, Orange County, Indiana, United States. The population was 2,142 at the 2010 census.

History

Orleans was founded by Colonel Samuel S. Lewis.

Platted in 1815, Orleans stands as the oldest town in Orange County. Founded two months after Andrew Jackson's famous victory over the British at New Orleans, the settlers named their new town to honor this event. Samuel Lewis, one of the founders, later became a prominent figure in Texas after he fought for Texas independence from Mexico and served as a senator in the first two congresses of the Republic of Texas under Sam Houston's presidency.

The original plat of the town was recorded in Salem while Orange County was a part of Washington County and Indiana was still a territory and had not yet entered statehood. It was dated March 11, 1815 and was signed by Samuel Lewis and William McFarland as owners of the land, and by Samuel Alexander, a surveyor. This original plat shows the town had six streets running east and west and seven streets running north and south. In the center of town was Congress Square consisting of several lots which were to remain for the purpose of erecting "any building for county, territory, or state as deemed necessary by the citizens of the town." At present, this area is the town park.As previously stated historic Orleans Town Square is called "Congress Square." meaning public square, or it is referred to as "Seminary Square." after the Orleans Academy that stood there from 1864 to 1963. .

The early settlers bought their land from the United States government .There was no homesteading here. Several farms around Orleans are still owned by the descendants of the original settlers, and many residents possess the parchment land grants signed by former Presidents of the United States. The oldest one known bears the signature of James Madison. Orleans was settled mostly by persons from Virginia and the Carolinas. Being bitterly opposed to slavery, they sold their homes in those states and migrated to this locality.

As early as 1816, Bishop Roberts, a Methodist circuit rider, began preaching in Orleans with meetings held in the homes of the pioneers. Very early in the 1820s, a Methodist church was built. This was the first deed of a church property in the records or Orange County. Down through the years, churches of other denominations have been built and with enthusiastic membership do not hesitate to work together for the spiritual welfare of the community.

In the fall of 1823, the people of Orleans resolved to have a school and accordingly fitted a small house. In 1831, the first school building within the limits of the town was erected on the Congress Square. The building on the square was used continuously for the educational purposes from that date until 1963, when the present modern elementary school was built. From these humble beginnings, the school system has changed and expanded until now two modern schools meet the needs of a growing and thriving community.

In 1829, Orleans was made an incorporated town, but at that time, the town was too small to support the municipal expenses. Therefore, efforts to maintain the incorporation was abandoned. In 1865, the town again incorporated and the result has been a beautiful, prosperous town.

In the winter of 1851-52, the L.N.A. & Railroad (then called the New Albany-Salem Railroad) was built to come through the town. To secure the railroad for Orleans, the Citizens gave $40,000, all by private subscription,which considering the time and size of the town was a remarkably large amount. The railroad curved to pass through the town and add greatly to the development of the community. Three hotels, with livery stables, were needed to accommodate the travelers brought into the town by the railroads.

Geography

Orleans is located at 38°39′40″N 86°27′12″W / 38.66111°N 86.45333°W / 38.66111; -86.45333 (38.660993, -86.453368)^[3].

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.1 km²), all of it land.

Demographics

As of the census^[1] of 2000, there were 2,273 people, 922 households, and 614 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,449.3 people per square mile (559.0/km²). There were 992 housing units at an average density of 632.5 per square mile (244.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.77% White, 0.13% African American, 0.04% Native American, 0.13% from other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.01% of the population.

There were 922 households out of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.4% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the town the population was spread out with 28.4% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $27,138, and the median income for a family was $35,150. Males had a median income of $26,630 versus $19,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,476. About 12.3% of families and 17.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.9% of those under age 18 and 16.3% of those age 65 or over.

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
2. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
3. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2011-04-23. 

External links

• Town of Orleans, Indiana website