BMT Lexington Avenue Line

The Lexington Avenue Elevated (also called the Lexington Avenue Line) was the first standard elevated railway in Brooklyn, New York, operated in its later days by the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company, the Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation, and then the City of New York. It was sometimes called the Old Main Line.Fact|date=February 2007

The original line, as it existed at the end of 1885, traveled from Fulton Ferry in Downtown Brooklyn east to East New York, passing over York Street, Hudson Avenue, Park Avenue, Grand Avenue, Lexington Avenue, Broadway, and Fulton Street. The structure above Broadway and Fulton Street is now part of the BMT Jamaica Line. East of Alabama Avenue in East New York, the original structure still exists (albeit reinforced), and is the oldest such structure in the subway system.Fact|date=February 2007

History

The Brooklyn Elevated Railroad opened the line to passengers at 16:00 on May 13, 1885, with a five-cent fare [cite BDE|title=Five Cent Fare|md=May 5|y=1885|page=4] for trains every five minutes. [cite BDE|title=Opening Day|md=May 13|y=1885|page=6] The original line ran from York and Washington Streets (near the Brooklyn Bridge) along York Street, Hudson Avenue, Park Avenue, Grand Avenue, Lexington Avenue, and Broadway to Gates Avenue. The three stations on Park Avenue had island platforms, while all the other stations had two side platforms.cite BDE|title=Done at Last|md=May 13|y=1885|page=1]

The first extension, east to Manhattan Beach Crossing in East New York, named for the crossing of the Manhattan Beach Division of the Long Island Rail Road, opened at 09:00 on June 14, 1885. Arrangements were made with the LIRR for joint tickets to Manhattan Beach, as well as with the Grand Street, Prospect Park and Flatbush Railroad (Franklin Avenue Line of streetcars) and Brooklyn, Flatbush and Coney Island Railway (Brighton Beach Line) to Brighton Beach. Other connections at East New York included the Long Island Rail Road towards the east, the Brooklyn and Rockaway Beach Railroad (Canarsie Line), and the New York, Woodhaven and Rockaway Railroad. Shops, car houses, and other facilities were located at East New York, where the New York City Subway's East New York Yard still stands.cite BDE|title=East New York|md=June 13|y=1885|page=6]

On September 5, 1885, the line was extended one more station to Alabama Avenue near the Howard House, a union station for the steam and horse railroads into East New York.cite BDE|title=Still Extending Its Lines|md=September 5|y=1885|page=6] Another east terminal at Van Siclen Avenue was opened on December 3, 1885, with the structure above Fulton Street extending east two more blocks to Schenck Street. After a half day of infrequent service, trains began serving the new station on a regular schedule the next morning.cite BDE|title=Finished at Last|md=December 3|y=1885|page=4] [cite BDE|title=Five Hundred Passengers|md=December 4|y=1885|page=6]

Several weeks before the line was completed to Van Siclen Avenue, the western terminal at Fulton Ferry was opened at noon on November 11, 1885. This portion of the line was built above York Street to just shy of the bridge, where it turned northwest parallel to the bridge, not turning back west under the bridge until Plymouth Street at the East River. [Rand McNally, was opened.cite BDE|title=At the Ferry|md=November 11|y=1885|page=4]

The Brooklyn Elevated leased the newer Union Elevated Railroad, which had yet to run a train, on May 13, 1887. [cite BDE|title=Elevated Railroad Consolidation|md=May 12|y=1887|page=6] cite BDE|title=Surrender of Capital Stock|md=November 18|y=1890|page=1] However, the two companies, despite sharing large portions of their lines, remained technically separate, commonly called the "Brooklyn and Union Elevated Railroads", [cite BDE|title=Railroad Men Dancing|md=December 7|y=1888|page=1] [cite BDE|title=Relief from Taxation|md=April 15|y=1889|page=1] until they merged in October 1890 and kept the Brooklyn Elevated Railroad name. [cite BDE|title=Will Consolidate Monday|md=October 25|y=1890|page=8]

On April 10, 1888, the Union Elevated opened the first piece of the Myrtle Avenue Elevated, from Adams Street at City Hall east over Myrtle Avenue to Grand Avenue, where it junctioned with the Brooklyn Elevated. The company operated through to the end of the Brooklyn Elevated at Van Siclen Avenue.cite BDE|title=A Start Made|md=April 10|y=1888|page=6] Another branch operated by the Union Elevated, the Broadway Elevated from Gates Avenue northwest to Driggs Avenue in Williamsburg, opened on June 25, 1888. [cite BDE|title=The Broadway Line Opened|md=June 25|y=1888|page=6] This was extended to Broadway Ferry on July 14, 1888. [cite BDE|title=When the Union Road will be Finished|md=July 13|y=1888|page=1] The Myrtle Avenue Elevated was extended north over Adams Street to Sands Street at the Brooklyn Bridge on September 1, 1888, and the Union Elevated began running between Sands Street and Van Siclen Avenue.cite BDE|title=To the Bridge|md=August 30|y=1888|page=4] The Union Elevated opened the Hudson Avenue Elevated, a branch of the Brooklyn Elevated from the intersection of Hudson and Park Avenues south to the Long Island Rail Road's Flatbush Avenue terminal, on November 5, 1888, and began operating between Fulton Ferry and Flatbush Avenue. [cite BDE|title=Will Open on Monday|md=November 1|y=1888|page=5]

Another piece of the Myrtle Avenue Elevated, from the crossing of the Brooklyn Elevated at Grand Avenue east to Broadway, opened on April 27, 1889. Trains on this route did not cross the line on Grand Avenue, but turned onto Grand Avenue and used the Brooklyn Elevated to Fulton Ferry. [cite BDE|title=Will Open on Saturday|md=April 25|y=1889|page=1] Simultaneously, the original Brooklyn Elevated route via Lexington Avenue to Fulton Ferry was discontinued, with all Lexington Avenue trains running over Myrtle Avenue to the Brooklyn Bridge, and passengers for the ferry required to transfer at Myrtle Avenue station via several stairways.cite BDE|title=Elevated Railroad Criticism|md=May 1|y=1889|page=5; cite BDE|title=Trouble on the Elevated Railroad|md=May 1|y=1889|page=5]

Effective December 9, 1889, a new service pattern went into effect, in which the structure above Park Avenue and its three stations, two of them located one long block north of Myrtle Avenue stations, was closed. Myrtle Avenue trains, which had used this structure since April 27, instead continued along Myrtle Avenue to Hudson Avenue, turning north there via a new junction into the Hudson Avenue Elevated, closed north of Myrtle Avenue since shortly after it opened due to safety concerns with the at-grade crossing at Myrtle Avenue. Thus passengers transferring between the two lines could get out at Navy Street and simply enter the next train on the other route.cite BDE|title=Running Smoothly|md=December 9|y=1889|page=6] The company continued to operate one daily train, closed to passengers, over Park Avenue, "to satisfy, it is thought, legal requirements", according to the Brooklyn Daily Eagle. [cite BDE|title=Running More Trains|md=January 18|y=1890|page=1]

The structure above Park Avenue, unused closed to passengers since late 1889, was finally removed in late 1891. The New York State Board of Railroad Commissioners approved its abandonment on late December 1891, [cite BDE|title=The Park Avenue Elevated Road|md=December 15|y=1891|page=6] [cite BDE|title=Tear it Down|md=December 26|y=1891|page=2] and removal soon began of the entire portion in Park Avenue, from the Hudson Avenue Elevated east to Grand Avenue, as well as the portion above Grand Avenue north of the Myrtle Avenue Elevated.Fact|date=February 2007 This was the only part of the New York City elevated system to be permanently closed without ever having been electrified.Fact|date=February 2007 By August 9, 1900, the rest of the line was electrified with third rail. [cite BDE|title=Loop in Operation|md=August 9|y=1900|page=3]

An extension of the Brooklyn Elevated east to Cypress Hills, over Fulton Street and Crescent Street, opened on May 30, 1893, and the Brooklyn Union Elevated extended both Lexington Avenue Line and Broadway Line trains to the new terminal.cite BDE|title=Trains Running This Morning|md=May 30|y=1893|page=10] This extension incorporated portions of the old structure over Park Avenue. [cite BDE|title=Elevated Railroad Extensions|md=May 28|y=1893|page=16]

The original Brooklyn Elevated over Hudson Avenue and York Street to Fulton Ferry, only used by Myrtle Avenue Elevated trains after 1889, was closed on April 11, 1904.Fact|date=February 2007

The last Lexington Avenue train ran at 21:00 on October 13, 1950, with a small celebration, 65 years after the line opened. Transportation Commissioner G. Joseph Minetti joked that "if we had this many passengers riding regularly we wouldn't have to shut it down." Demolition began on November 1.

ervice patterns

The original service pattern was a single line from Fulton Ferry to East New York. On April 27, 1889, all Lexington Avenue trains began using the Myrtle Avenue Elevated to Sands Street at the Brooklyn Bridge, while the old portion above Park Avenue, Hudson Avenue, and other streets to Fulton Ferry became part of the outer Myrtle Avenue service. The Park Avenue structure was last used on December 8, 1889, but Myrtle Avenue trains continued to use the line on Hudson Avenue to Fulton Ferry. All Lexington Avenue trains served Sands Street after 1889,Fact|date=February 2007 but Myrtle Avenue trains began alternating between Fulton Ferry and Sands Street on April 10, 1899, in order to avoid the transferring of Myrtle Avenue passengers to trains bound for the bridge. [cite BDE|title=L Express Trains|md=April 7|y=1899|page=1] [cite BDE|title=Express Train Service|md=April 8|y=1899|page=16] Lexington Avenue trains were extended from Sands Street over the Brooklyn Bridge to Park Row in June 1898.Fact|date=February 2007 This pattern remained until the line to Fulton Ferry closed on April 11, 1904.Fact|date=February 2007

From 1904 until the abandonment of service on October 13, 1950, the Lexington Avenue service pattern (labeled 12 after 1924) was relatively simple. Trains began at either Park Row in Lower Manhattan or Sands Street in Downtown Brooklyn, and ran along the Broadway Elevated at least to East New York and sometimes to Jamaica.

tation listing

Original line from Fulton Ferry

Beginning on April 27, 1889, all Lexington Avenue trains used the Myrtle Avenue Elevated west of Myrtle Avenue station, and this line was only used by Myrtle Avenue trains.

Later line from the Brooklyn Bridge

Lexington Avenue trains were moved to this route on April 27, 1889, joining the old route just west of Myrtle Avenue station.

External links

* [http://nycsubway.org/bmt/history01.html NYCsubway.org - Early Rapid Transit in Brooklyn, 1878 to 1913]
* [http://myrecollection.com/burkhardtk/lastlex.html "My Recollection" - A ride on the last Lexington Avenue Elevated train]

References

*A Great Day for Brooklyn, New York Times May 14, 1885 page 8
*A Short Cut to Coney Island, New York Times June 15, 1885 page 5
*City and Suburban News, New York Times November 12, 1885 page 8
*Brooklyn Elevated Roads, New York Times December 4, 1885 page 7
*City and Suburban News, New York Times December 15, 1885 page 8
*Elevated Tracks to Come Down, New York Times December 25, 1891 page 1
*B.M.T. 'El' Lines to Shift Service; City to Close 2 Sections This Week, New York Times May 27, 1940 page 19
*Brooklyn 'El' to Go Down, New York Times October 6, 1950 page 21
*Brooklyn 'El' Link Dies with Aplomb, New York Times October 14, 1950 page 16