- Glenwood, Iowa
Infobox Settlement
official_name = Glenwood, Iowa
settlement_type =City
nickname =
motto =
imagesize = 250px
image_caption = Looking west at Glenwood from Old Slaughterhouse Hill at the Glenwood Lake Park
image_
image_
mapsize = 250px
map_caption = Location of Glenwood, Iowa
mapsize1 =
map_caption1 =subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name =
subdivision_type1 = State
subdivision_name1 =
subdivision_type2 = County
subdivision_name2 = Mills
government_footnotes =
government_type =
leader_title =
leader_name =
leader_title1 =
leader_name1 =
established_title =
established_date =unit_pref = Imperial
area_footnotes =
area_magnitude =
area_total_km2 = 6.7
area_land_km2 = 6.7
area_water_km2 = 0.0
area_total_sq_mi = 2.6
area_land_sq_mi = 2.6
area_water_sq_mi = 0.0population_as_of = 2000
population_footnotes =
population_total = 5358
population_density_km2 = 798.3
population_density_sq_mi = 2067.7timezone = Central (CST)
utc_offset = -6
timezone_DST = CDT
utc_offset_DST = -5
elevation_footnotes =
elevation_m = 310
elevation_ft = 1017
latd = 41 |latm = 2 |lats = 44 |latNS = N
longd = 95 |longm = 44 |longs = 33 |longEW = Wpostal_code_type =
ZIP code
postal_code = 51534
area_code = 712
blank_name = FIPS code
blank_info = 19-31350
blank1_name = GNIS feature ID
blank1_info = 0456928
website =
footnotes =Glenwood is a city in Mills County,
Iowa ,United States . The population was 5,358 at the 2000 census. It is thecounty seat of Mills CountyGR|6.History
Located in a hollow of the
Loess Hills , Glenwood was established byMormons in 1848 as Coonsville and prospered during theCalifornia Gold Rush largely due to thegrain mill on Keg Creek. Coonsville was the scene ofanti-Mormon mob violence, became thecounty seat ofMills County in 1851, and was renamed Glenwood after the bulk of Mormons left forUtah in 1852. The community was active in the creation ofNebraska Territory in 1854, including two Glenwood attorneys elected to the Nebraska territorial legislature who were run out of town for accepting shares inScriptown . At the end of the Civil War, an Iowa Veteran's Orphans Home was located here where evangelistBilly Sunday spent time as a child.The
Burlington and Missouri River Railroad was completed through Glenwood in 1869 and during the late 19th century the community was widely known as Iowa's center of fruit production, particularly apples, and hosted an annual Apple Carnival. Other early industries included an iron foundry, an expansive marble and stone works, the Glenwood Creamery, and a large cannery that covered a city block on the east side of Locust Street and distributed its products under the brand-name "The Glenwood". Darting & McGavern's "Sanitary" cannery on South Vine and Railroad Avenue canned tomatoes, pumpkin, apples, and beets into the 1920s.In 1876 the State Veteran's Orphan's Home at Glenwood became the Iowa Asylum for
Feeble-Minded Children, the 7th such facility in the country and the first located west of the Mississippi River. The Glenwood facility expanded greatly with the treatment ofmental retardation and acceptance ofeugenics and became theIowa Institution for Feeble-Minded Children . The grounds and now demolished Administration Building were largely patterned on theKirkbride Plan , as state funding permitted. The institution has long dominated Glenwood both economically and culturally although the IIFMC was self-sufficient and the residents were intentionally isolated from the rest of the town. By 1925 the Glenwood IIFMC was the home of 1,555 inmates categorized betweenidiot s,imbecile s, andmoron s. The IIFMC became the Glenwood State-Hospital School in 1941 and during the early 1950s covered convert|1185|acre|km2|0 with 310 staff members responsible for the 1,968 patients who were subjected to state-mandated sterilization and experiments. Deinstitutionalization of Glenwood began in the late 1950s, especially after theNovember 17 ,1957 Des Moines Register revealed that Mayo Buckner had spent 59 years confined to Glenwood with a 120 IQ. National attention came to Buckner and the Glenwood State-Hospital School in theDecember 9 ,1957 issue ofTime Magazine and theMarch 25 ,1958 issue ofLife Magazine . The transformation from traditional ward buildings intogroup home styled cottages was largely completed during the 1970s. The facility is now known as the Glenwood Resource Center. After World War II Glenwood also became ameat-packing center and during the early 1950s was home to one of America's largestKosher packinghouses with most of its product shipped to New York and the East Coast. The packinghouse was later modified to process both cattle and pork and became part ofSwift & Company before it was closed in the 1980s. Trajet, a whirlpool manufacturer, now occupies the former slaughterhouse. A large industrial laundry also operated for most of the 20th century until it was purchased and closed byCintas . TheBNSF ,Loess Hills National Scenic Byway , andU.S. Route 34 all pass through Glenwood andInterstate 29 is located a few miles west on the floodplain of theMissouri River .Geography
Glenwood is located at coor dms|41|2|44|N|95|44|33|W|city (41.045581, -95.742371)GR|1.
According to the
United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 2.6square mile s (6.7km² ), of which, 2.6 square miles (6.7 km²) of it is land and 0.38% is water.Demographics
As of the
census GR|2 of 2000, there were 5,358 people, 1,863 households, and 1,276 families residing in the city. Thepopulation density was 2,067.7 people per square mile (798.7/km²). There were 1,946 housing units at an average density of 751.0/sq mi (290.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 97.26% White, 0.62% African American, 0.37% Native American, 0.32% Asian, 0.49% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.47% of the population.There were 1,863 households out of which 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.5% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.09.
Population spread: 26.3% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 96.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $39,682, and the median income for a family was $46,555. Males had a median income of $29,918 versus $24,368 for females. The
per capita income for the city was $15,790. About 6.8% of families and 9.5% of the population were below thepoverty line , including 10.7% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over.Notable residents
*
Billy Sunday , evangelist
*Elmer Burkett , U.S. Senator from Nebraska
*Otha Wearin , U.S. Representative from Iowa
*Curt Kaufman ,pitcher for the California Angels and theNew York Yankees Landmarks and neighborhoods
*The IIFMC Girls Cottage at the Glenwood Resource Center was built in 1912. At present it is used for offices by the Glenwood Community School District and remains one of the town's most distinguishing landmarks.
*The IIFMC Hospital at the Glenwood Resource Center was constructed during the 1890s with conical towers, Romanesque arched balconies, anItalianate cupola, and still-impressive interior spiral staircase. The three-story brick building is presently used as offices by the Glenwood Resource Center.
*The IIFMC Fire Station at the Glenwood Resource Center was built in 1903 with aDutch Colonial parapeted roof.
*The VJ Meyer School Building at the Glenwood Resource Center was built in the mid-1950s to improve the level of education available to residents confined to what was then the Glenwood State Hospital-School. The school was named after Dr. VJ Meyer, the Superintendent at Glenwood from 1945-1957. The building was dedicated in September 1957 when the gates of the institution were opened to the public for the first time. From 1992-2007 this was the location of the GlenwoodMiddle School .
*The three-story JV Hinchman Building at Sharp and Walnut Streets was completed in 1882 byHoosier druggist turned financier Joseph Hinchman.
*The 1920 Glenwood State Bank building at 12 North Walnut on the Glenwood Courthouse Square was designed by Danish immigrant architect J. Chris Jensen ofCouncil Bluffs and is notable locally for itsGreek Revival marble facade. For many years this was the location of Hamilton's Men's Clothes and is now home to Glenwood Land Surveying Services.
*The First Christian Church at 305 First Street was built in 1867 at a cost of $1,800. It has been a private residence for many years.
*411 Sharp is a unique two storyItalianate commercial building on the south side of the Glenwood Courthouse Square that was constructed in 1874 with prominent window hoods and is presently the location of Keg Creek Boot & Saddle.
*The Hubbell Home at 202 Locust was built in the early 20th century and remains interesting for itsQueen Anne Style , prominent dormer windows, and adjacent stable long since converted into a garage.
*The Robinson Block at 102 South Walnut on the Glenwood Courthouse Square was constructed during the early 20th century and features a variety of 19th century architectural elements, including a second-storybay window .
*The Buffington Block at 420 1st Street was built on the north side of the Glenwood Courthouse Square during the 1890s with one of the town's most distinguished cornices and seven second-storyItalianate arched windows. ABen Franklin Stores operated here during the latter half of the 20th century.
*The Wheeler's Super Service Station at 102 South Vine on the Glenwood Courthouse Square was constructed during the early 1920s to serve traffic along the Bluegrass Highway which becameU.S. Route 34 . The one-story brick building is unusual locally for its earlyModerne architecture.
*The GlenwoodOpera House Block at 412-416 First Street was built in 1891 on the Glenwood Courthouse Square with a variety ofRichardsonian Romanesque elements. It first began showing motion pictures in 1908, became the Rex Theater by the 1920s, and, after many ownership changes, continues to show movies to the present day although live performances ended sometime during the mid-20th century.
*The Mintle Company Building is a one-story lateModerne structure at 209 Sharp that was built in 1947 along what was thenU.S. Route 34 . Mintle was a dealer inJI Case farm equipment,Pontiac automobiles, and offered a full line ofFrigidaire products. The building is now used as the Glenwood Police Department.
*Lilac Terrace were the neighborhoods that developed after the "West Hill" school was completed in 1868. By the early 20th century the area west of Sharp and Hazel Streets was one of the community's more prestigious addresses and still contains some notable architectural styles, including LW Russell home, the HM Bogan and James Miller homes, and particularly theQueen Anne Style William Lamb mansion on the northwest corner of Hazel and Sharp Streets which has been divided into apartments. Also of interest are the Morris Kaiman home at 102 South Hazel, the Robinson home at 105 North Hazel, and the Addison Meyers home at 404 North Hazel. TheWPA financed Glenwood High School replaced the West Hill School in 1937, became GlenwoodJunior High from 1966-1987, and is now part of West Elementary.
*Glenwood Golf Course was opened in 1964 to be the cities first and only golf course. It was designed by Tom Davis.
*Seminary Hill immediately north of the Glenwood Courthouse Square developed after the late 1860s when the private Western Iowa College opened on the city block west of Chestnut between First and Second Streets. This became the Glenwood Methodist Seminary in the 1870s and the location of the East School until the 1970s. The surrounding neighborhood still contains a majority of the town's dominantProtestant churches, including the Glenwood FirstCongregational Church at 407 Second Street established byabolitionist John Todd in 1857. Nearby are the 1884 Saint John'sEpiscopal Church at 111 North Vine, the 1911 GlenwoodBaptist Church at 212 North Vine, the 1892 Glenwood First Christian at 202 North Vine, the 1905 Grace UnitedMethodist at 112 North Walnut, the 1899Seventh-day Adventist Church at 205 Third Street, and the 1949 TrinityMissouri Synod Lutheran Church at 512 Second Street. Also of interest is the Glenwood Public Library at 109 North Vine, aCarnegie library constructed in 1906. The library was expanded in 1982 and placed on theNational Register of Historic Places . The neighborhood formerly had several outstanding architectural examples, including the Dr. Donelan home and the 1870s two-story brickItalianate William Anderson mansion at North Walnut and Second Street that was razed in 2006. Another example of an 1870s brickItalianate residence in the 100 block of North Vine is presently divided into apartments.References
External links
* [http://www.connectforkids.org/node/137/ The Great IQ Wars]
* [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,842217,00.html?iid=chix-sphere/ Mayo Buckner's death notice]
* [http://www.legis.state.ia.us/GA/78GA/Legislation/HR/00100/HR00112/Current.html / Iowa House of Representatives resolution apologizing for sterilization at Glenwood]
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