Pembrey

infobox UK place
country = Wales
welsh_name=Pen-bre
constituency_welsh_assembly=
map_type=
official_name= Pembrey
unitary_wales= Carmarthenshire
population= 3,748 (Census 2001)
lieutenancy_wales= Dyfed
constituency_westminster= Llanelli
post_town= LLANELLI
postcode_district = SA16
postcode_area= SA
dial_code= 01554
os_grid_reference= SN421018

Pembrey ( _cy. Pen-bre) is a village in Carmarthenshire Wales, situated between Burry Port and Kidwelly, overlooking Carmarthen Bay.

History

The coastline began its retreat from the foot of Pembrey Mountain some 6,000 years ago, revealing land which shows human occupation since the Iron Age, with hill forts dating from around 400 BC. Roman pottery remains have been unearthed in the oldest parts of the village. Evidence of an early Norman motte-and-bailey castle has been suggested close to the village square and buildings remain in the village from later Norman times.

The village was home to Arnold le Boteler, a Norman squire and ancestor (through his Anglo-Norman family name of Butler) of the US presidential Bush family [http://www.svu2000.org/genealogy/George_W.pdf] . His manor, Court Farm, subsequently extended into a Jacobean manor house and then a farm, is now sadly derelict. The le Boteler (Butler) crest can be seen in the village church of St. Illtud, established during le Boteler's lifetime with its saint's name connected to his other estate of Dunraven, near Llantwit Major, Bridgend.

Most of the village was created during the 18th and 19th century coal mining boom, when Pembrey was a port. Pembrey Mountain (in the Welsh language, Mynydd Penbre) was thoroughly mined by both Welsh and English companies for about 100 years and some reserves are said to remain underground. Pembrey's harbour was prone to silting and was abandoned in favour of Pembrey New Harbour - soon renamed Burry Port Harbour, just a mile further upstream on the Burry Estuary. The original harbour is now known as Pembrey Old Harbour.

Pembrey's mountain and beach Cefn Sidan are reputed to have provided some villagers with careers as wreckers, known locally as Gwyr-y-Bwelli Bach (translated as People with Little Hatchets) - attracting sailing ships with fires purporting to be beacons, then raiding them when they foundered. However, no firm evidence of wrong-doing such as booty has ever been discovered. Nevertheless, a number of vessels were certainly lost around Pembrey, including "La Jeune Emma" bound from the West Indies to France and blown badly off course in 1828. 13 of the 19 on board drowned, including Adeline Coquelin, the 12 year-old niece of Napoleon Bonaparte's divorced wife Josephine de Beauharnais. She is buried at St. Illtyds Church, Pembrey.

Manor families

From the days of le Boteler to the early 20th century, Pembrey was generally dominated by at least one leading family. Latest of these was the Ashburnham family (Earl of Ashburnham) who lived until the 1920s at Pembrey House, lost to fire some 50 years ago. The Ashburnham Golf Club championship course is the area's main sporting attraction, Ashburnham Road is one of the village's two main thoroughfares and the Ashburnham Hotel one of its hostelries.

Military and RAF Pembrey

Military connections include the past use of areas of the Ashburnham estate as a firing range. In the 20th century, a RAF station, RAF Pembrey was situated in Pembrey and played a major role in Britain's defences as home to both fighter and bomber aircraft. Close by, a Royal Ordnance Factory, ROF Pembrey, provided high explosives for Britain's war effort. Both these facilities attracted a number of Luftwaffe raids over the village during World War II. One airman based and living in Pembrey, Ian Smith, was to become Rhodesian prime minister. Another, Wing Commander Guy Gibson, went on to lead the Dambusters.

An attempt to establish a munitions testing range in Pembrey was made during the 1960s but was strongly resisted by villagers, who mounted a highly media-savvy SOS (Save Our Sands) campaign. The opposition proved successful, leading to the establishment of Pembrey Country Park instead.

Royal Air Force training continues to this day on a bombing range to the west of Pembrey Country Park near Kidwelly. As a recognition of this, the RAF Red Arrows aerobatics display team perform annually at Kidwelly's carnival, with the best vantage point being Pembrey Mountain and many of their stunts taking place over the village of Pembrey itself.

Today

Today, the village has lost most of its former sources of employment and is largely a dormitory village for the nearby urban areas of Llanelli and Carmarthen. Attempts have been made to develop tourism at the Country Park and at nearby Burry Port although accommodation is limited to a few bed & breakfasts and the Ashburnham Hotel.

In August/September 2006, Court Farm appeared in the first round of BBC2's Restoration Village programme. Experts agreed that the building mainly requires a new roof and could be restored to form a cultural centre. The manor did not progress through the competition.

Pembrey Burrows and Cefn Sidan are now part of extensive leisure areas run by local authorities. Attractions include mountain walks and picnic areas, the traditional links golf course, Pembrey Old Harbour, Pembrey Country Park, the Pembrey Circuit - the National Motorsport Centre of Wales, horse-riding, a working airfield and flying club at Pembrey Airport, and St. Illtyds Church. The Camarthenshire Land Sailing Club is allowed to use the beach for wind traction activities, including Land sailing, kite buggying and Kite landboarding.

On entering the country park, several abandoned bunkers are visible, these being the remains of the former Royal Ordnance Factory that closed in 1965. Upon further exploration (particularly of the wooded trails) many, many more bunkers and tunnels of differing sizes and shapes can be found. The woods and bunkers provided a focus point for an episode of Living TV's Most Haunted, which was aired in April 2008.

The village's name has also been applied to Pembrey, Delaware in the United States.

Transport

The village is served by bus on routes from Carmarthen and Swansea. Actually located in Burry Port, Pembrey and Burry Port railway station is on the main London to West Wales line. The nearest motorway is the M4. Pembrey Airport has no scheduled services but provides facilities for visiting private and corporate aircraft.

ee also

*Pembrey Circuit
*RAF Pembrey
*Pembrey Airport

External links

*http://www.peoplesplaces.co.uk/Pembrey_Country_Park
*http://www.pembreyairport.com/
* [http://www.onebiggarden.com/Places_To_Visit/Pembrey_Country_Park-P2-12.aspx Pembrey Country Park] A tourist attraction within the area
*http://www.cwrtfarm.org/
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_6970000/newsid_6978200/6978228.stm?bw=bb&mp=rm&nol_storyid=6978228&news=1] BBC News video -The RAF using Pembrey Sands to perfect landing Hercules transport planes on makeshift sites on 4th September 2007.
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediaselector/ondemand/videonation/media/ram/u/uk_pembrey?bgc=FF3300&nbram=1&lang=en&bbram=1&ms3=4&size=4x3] Very inaccurate but entertaining video history of Pembrey.