Dorothy Stang

Dorothy Stang
Sister Dorothy Mae Stang, S.N.D.
Born July 7, 1931(1931-07-07)
Dayton, Ohio, United States
Died February 12, 2005(2005-02-12) (aged 73)
Anapú, Pará, Brazil
Cause of death Murder
Nationality Naturalized Brazilian
Known for Amazonian activism
Religion Roman Catholic

Sister Dorothy Mae Stang, S.N.D., (July 7, 1931–February 12, 2005) was an American-born, Brazilian member of the Congregation of the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur. She was murdered in Anapu, a city in the state of Pará, in the Amazon Basin of Brazil. Stang had been outspoken in her efforts on behalf of the poor and the environment, and had previously received death threats from loggers and land owners.

Contents

Life work

Stang, born in Dayton, Ohio, USA, but a naturalized Brazilian citizen, worked as an advocate for the rural poor beginning in the early 1970s, helping peasants make a living by farming small plots and extracting forest products without deforestation. She also sought to protect peasants from criminal gangs working on behalf of ranchers who were after their plots. Dot, as she was called by her family, friends and most locals in Brazil, is often pictured wearing a t-shirt with the slogan, "A Morte da floresta é o fim da nossa vida" which is Portuguese for "The death of the forest is the end of our life."

“ I don't want to flee, nor do I want to abandon the battle of these farmers who live without any protection in the forest. They have the sacrosanct right to aspire to a better life on land where they can live and work with dignity while respecting the environment. ”

Murder

On the morning of February 12, 2005, Dorothy and Ciero woke up early to walk to a community meeting to speak about the rights for the Amazon. Ciero, the farmer Stang invited to the meeting, was going to be late because of some interruptions. As Ciero was a couple of minutes away from Dorothy, he was able to see her but hid within the bushes from the two armed men. She progressed on and was blocked by the two men, Clodoaldo and Raifran. They asked if she had any weapons, and she claimed that the only weapon would be her bible. She then read a passage from the Beatitudes, "Blessed are the poor in spirit..." She continued a couple of steps but was suddenly stopped when Ciero called her, "Sister," as she was held at gun point by Raifran. As Clodoaldo approved of discharging at Dorothy, Raifran fired a round at Dorothy's abdomen. She fell face down on the ground. Raifran fired another round into Dorothy's back, then fired all four rounds into her head.[1]

Investigation and trials

The U.S. Attorney's Office, Transnational Crime Unit, in Washington, D.C., pursued an indictment of the four individuals (three in custody, one at large) by using Title 18, USC 2332, a statute on International Homicide. The key elements of this statute require 1) the victim be a U.S. citizen, 2) that the murder take place outside the US, and 3) that the murder was carried out to influence, pressure, or coerce a government or civilian group. Stang's murder met all the key elements. In June 2005, two men were charged with conspiracy to murder an American outside the United States in connection with her death. These men, Rayfran das Neves Sales and Clodoaldo Carlos Batista, were convicted on December 10, 2005. URL=http://wikileaks.ca/cable/2005/03/05BRASILIA606.html.

On 15 May 2007, a court in the city of Belém sentenced Vitalmiro Bastos Moura, aged 36, to the maximum term of 30 years in prison for paying gunmen to shoot Sister Dorothy. Stang's brother David, who was at the trial, said "justice was done." In a second trial, Moura was acquitted of all charges, because the gunman, Rayfran das Neves Sales, declared in court to have killed Dorothy Stang for personal motivation.. The prosecution appealed, however, and Moura was considered guilty, and sentenced to 30 years in prison, in a third trial, on April 12, 2010.

Rayfran das Neves Sales was retried on 22 October 2007. He was again found guilty, and a judge in Belém sentenced him to 27 years in prison–the same punishment as in the first trial in 2005. Prosecutors said Moura had ordered Stang's death because she had sent letters to the local authorities accusing Moura of setting illegal fires to clear land, which led to his receiving a substantial fine. At a third trial, on 6 May 2008, Rayfran das Neves Sales was sentenced to 28 years in prison, and, in his second trial, Vitalmiro Bastos Moura was declared innocent.

Regivaldo Pereira Galvão, a rancher suspected of ordering the killing, was arrested in December 2008 and was to be charged with the murder. He had been arrested previously for the murder but released.[2]

On April 7, 2009, the Court of Justice, in Pará, decided to void the third trial. The same court decided to put Vitalmiro Bastos de Moura back in jail but Moura's lawyer appealed that decision. A new trial was to be scheduled.[3] [4] On April 22, 2009, STJ set Vitalmiro Moura free until a final decision about his request of Habeas corpus.[5]

Roniery Lopes, a witness in the trial of Regivaldo Galvão for fraud, was shot in November 2009, just before he was to testify.[6]

On February 4, 2010, Supreme Court revoked Vitalmiro Moura's Habeas corpus. Moura was arrested on February 7, after surrendering voluntarily to police. [7] On April 12, 2010, he was convicted again by a jury and sentenced to 30 years in prison.[8][9][10]

On May 1, 2010, Regivaldo Galvão was also convicted of having ordered the murder. He was sentenced to 30 years in prison.[11]

Documentary

Ambassador Danilovich met with David Stang, brother of murdered Sister; Daniel Junge, traveling with Stang to film a documentary; and Sister Mary Ellis McCabe, a member of Sister Dorothy's religious congregation, stationed in Ceara, Brazil, for dinner at the Ambassador's residence March 2. (PolCouns, CG, and Special Ass't also attended the dinner.) Stang and Junge were in Brasilia to meet with Minister of Justice Marcio Thomaz Bastos after visiting the site of Stang's sister's murder in Para state. Stang thanked the Ambassador for the Embassy's support and said that he was pleased with the Brazilian federal government's reaction. He was very critical, however, of Para state authorities for failing to protect his sister and for failing to offer their condolences during his visit. URL=http://wikileaks.ca/cable/2005/03/05BRASILIA606.html

In 2008, the American filmmaker Daniel Junge released a documentary titled They Killed Sister Dorothy. The film is narrated by Martin Sheen in the version in English and by Wagner Moura in the version in Portuguese. The film received the Audience Award and the Competition Award at the 2008 South by Southwest Festival, where it had its worldwide premiere. [12]

Opera

In 2009, Evan Mack composed an opera based on the life of Sr. Dorothy Stang. Angel of the Amazon[13] depicts her life’s work, her devotion to her mission with Brazilian peasant farmers, and the events that sent her on a path of martyrdom. Encompass_New_Opera_Theatre is slated to develop the opera in 2010.

See also

References

  1. ^ Murphy, Roseanne S.N.D. de N. Martyr of the Amazon: The Life of Sister Dorothy Stang. Maryknoll, New York 10545: Orbis Books, 2007.
  2. ^ Domit, Myrna (2008-12-29). "Rancher to Be Charged in 2005 Killing of Nun in Amazon". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/29/world/americas/29brazil.html?ref=world. Retrieved 2010-05-01. 
  3. ^ "The cancellation of third trial" (in portuguese). O Globo (Brazil). 2009-04-07. http://oglobo.globo.com/pais/mat/2009/04/07/justica-do-para-decide-anular-julgamento-dos-acusados-de-matar-dorothy-stang-755172576.asp. 
  4. ^ "The prison of Vitalmiro Moura after the cancellation of third trial" (in portuguese). O Globo (Brazil). 2009-04-09. http://oglobo.globo.com/pais/mat/2009/04/09/dorothy-stang-bida-acusado-de-ser-mandante-da-morte-da-missionaria-preso-no-para-755208736.asp. 
  5. ^ "The release of Vitalmiro Moura until a decision about Habeas corpus" (in portuguese). O Globo (Brazil). 2009-04-22. http://oglobo.globo.com/pais/mat/2009/04/22/stj-bida-acusado-da-morte-de-dorothy-stang-aguardara-habeas-corpus-em-liberdade-755375246.asp. 
  6. ^ [news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8384974.stm "Brazil nun case witness is shot and wounded"]. BBC News. 29 November. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8384974.stm. Retrieved 30 November 2009. 
  7. ^ "The prison of Vitalmiro Moura after the revoking of his Habeas Corpus" (in portuguese). Folha do Progresso (Brazil). 2010-02-08. http://www.folhadoprogresso.com.br/folha3br2/modules/news/article.php?storyid=840. 
  8. ^ "Brazil man jailed for murdering Sister Dorothy Stang". BBC News. 2010-04-13. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8616877.stm. Retrieved 2010-04-13. 
  9. ^ "Brazilian Rancher Guilty in US Nun's Murder". The Associated Press (NYTimes.com). 2010-04-13. http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2010/04/13/world/AP-LT-Brazil-Missionary-Killed.html?_r=1&scp=4&sq=dorothy%20stang&st=cse. Retrieved 2010-04-13. [dead link]
  10. ^ "Brazil man jailed for murdering Sister Dorothy Stang". UK Wired News. 2010-04-13. http://www.ukwirednews.com/articles.php/51346-Brazil-man-jailed-for-murdering-Sister-Dorothy-Stang. Retrieved 2010-04-13. 
  11. ^ "The conviction of Regivaldo Galvão" (in Portuguese). O Globo (Brazil). 2010-05-01. http://oglobo.globo.com/pais/mat/2010/05/01/tj-do-para-condena-regivaldo-galvao-30-anos-de-prisao-pela-morte-de-dorothy-stang-916478509.asp. 
  12. ^ "Documentary about Dorothy Stang case" (in portuguese). O Dia (Brazil). 2008-09-30. http://odia.terra.com.br/cultura/htm/morte_brutal_da_irma_dorothy_e_relembrada_no_cinema_202840.asp. 
  13. ^ [1]

Notes

  1. ^ reference to an Article in the January 2007 issue of National Geographic
  2. ^ Article in the July/August 2005 issue of Maryknoll (maryknoll.org)
  • Murphy, Roseanne. Martyr of the Amazon: The Life of Sister Dorothy Stang.. New York: Orbis Books. 2007
  • Le Breton, Binka. The Greatest Gift: The Courageous Life and Martyrdom of Sister Dorothy Stang.. New York: Doubleday. 2008
  • Le Breton, Binka. A Maior Dádiva: A Vida e Morte Corajosas da Irmã Dorothy Stang.. São Paulo: Editora Globo. 2008
  • Le Breton, Binka. Audiobook. The Greatest Gift: The Courageous Life and Martydom of Sister Dorothy Stang.. read by Binka Le Breton. Cincinnati: St Anthony's Messenger Press. 2008

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