Ilyushin Il-14

Infobox Aircraft
name = Il-14



caption = Il-14G of Aeroflot at Arlanda Airport
type = Airliner
national origin = Soviet Union
manufacturer = Ilyushin
first flight = 1950
introduction = 1954 (Aeroflot)
retired = 1998 (Vietnamese Air Force) 1998 (Syrian Air Force) 2005 (Russian CAA)
status = Very few operational
primary user = Soviet Air Force
more users = Aeroflot Egyptian Air Force
produced =
number built = 3,700+
program cost =
unit cost =
developed from = Ilyushin Il-12
NATO codename = Crate
variants with their own articles =

The Ilyushin Il-14 (NATO reporting name Crate) was a Soviet twin-engine commercial and military personnel and cargo transport aircraft that first flew in 1950 and entered service in 1954. Il-14 was also manufactured in East Germany by VVB Flugzeugbau, in Czechoslovakia as the Avia 14, and in China under the Chinese designation Y-6. The Ilyushin Il-14 was eventually replaced by the Antonov An-24 and Yakovlev Yak-40.

Design and development

The Il-14 was developed as a replacement for the widespread Douglas DC-3 and its Soviet built version, the Lisunov Li-2. A development of the earlier Ilyushin Il-12, (which first flew in 1945Cite book|author=Gunston, Bill|authorlink =Bill_Gunston
title=The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft from 1875 - 1995|publisher=Osprey Aerospace|location=London|year=1995|isbn= 1-85532-405-9) the Il-14 was intended for use in both military and civil applications. The Il-14's predecessor had major problems with poor engine out behaviour. Also, it had less payload capability than was originally planned (although the Il-12 was intended to carry 32 passengers, in service, it only carried 18, which was uneconomic).

The Il-14 development was a vast improvement over the older aircraft, with a new wing and a more angular tailfin. It was powered by two 1900 hp (1400 kW) Shvetsov ASh-82T-7 radial piston engines. These changes greatly improved performance in engine out conditions.disputed-inline By 1960, 3,680 examples had been built, with production both in the Soviet Union and licenced production in East Germany and Czechoslovakia. It was rugged and reliable, and thus was widely used in rural areas with poor quality airfields.

Variants

* Il-14 : Twin-engined passenger, cargo transport aircraft.
* Il-14P : Commercial transport aircraft.
* Il-14M : Commercial transport aircraft, fitted with a lengthened fuselage.
* Il-14T : Military transport aircraft.
* Il-14G : Freight or cargo aircraft.
* Crate-C : Electronic warfare version.
* Avia 14 / 14P : Ilyushin Il-14s and Il-14Ps built by Avia under licence in Czechoslovakia.
* Avia 14-32 : 32-seat version of the Ilyushin Il-14M.
* Avia 14-42 : Enlarged version with a pressurised fuselage.
* Avia 14T : Freight or cargo version of the Ilyushin Il-14M.
* Avia 14FG : Aerial survey aircraft.
* Avia 14 Salon : VIP transport aircraft.
* Avia 14 Super :
* Y-6 : Chinese production version.

Operators

The Il-14 soldiered on in the Soviet Union until the 1980s and also in other Soviet satellites including Cuba and Vietnam. However, the unlicenced Chinese built Y-6 remained in the People's Liberation Army Air Force as a trainer until late 1980s.

Military operators

There are no current military operators of the Ilyushin Il-14.

Former military operators

;AFG: 26 were supplied to the Afghan Air Force from 1955 onwards. [http://www.worldairforces.com/Countries/countriesindex.html World Air Forces – Countries] .] By 1979, the force was reduced to 10, equipping a single squadron.Chris Chant, "The World's Air Forces", 1979, ISBN 089009-269-9.] ;ALB: 11 have been operated by the Albanian Air Force from 1957. None remain in service as of 1999. 8 Il-14M were delivered from 1957, with four remaining by 1979. A single Avia built Il-14T along with 2 VEB built Il-14P transports were delivered in 1983 and retired by 1996.;DZA: 12 were delivered from 1962, with the last phased out in 1997. Only four were operational by 1979.;BUL: 20 were delivered from 1960, including Il-14M and VEB built Il-14P examples. The Il-14P was retired by 1974, and only 4 Il-14M remained by 1979.;CHN: More than 50 have been operated by the People's Liberation Army Air Force from 1955, mostly of the Il-14M and locally produced Y-6 variations. Some have been reported in use by the People's Liberation Army Navy as well. Final examples were withdrawn by the late 1990s.;COG: 5 were delivered from 1960 and remained in service until 1997. All were reported on strength in 1979.;CUB: 20 were delivered from 1961 and served as late as 1992.;CZS: 50 were operated from 1958, though most were locally built examples delivered from 1968. Most were retired prior to the split of Czechoslovakia, though a small number may have served briefly with its successor states.;DDR: 30 were delivered, beginning with 11 Ilyushin built aircraft from 1956 and deliveries of VEB built aircraft commencing the following year and totalling 19 examples. 20 remained by 1979, and all were withdrawn by 1990, with none being passed on to the unified German Luftwaffe.;EGY: 70 were operated by the Egyptian Air Force from 1955. Most were Soviet built models, but at least one VEB built Il-14P was delivered in 1957. Numerous aircraft were destroyed by Israel during conflicts, but 26 survived to the peace of 1979. Acquisition of Western aircraft from then on led to the retirement of the Il-14 by 1994.;ETH: 2 were acquired in 1965, with one remaining in service by 1979 and finally retired by 1994.;GNB: 4 were in operation in 1979.;IND: 26 were delivered from 1955 but were withdrawn by 1979.;IDN: 22 were delivered from 1957 and withdrawn by 1975.;IRQ: 13 Il-14M were delivered in 1958, with 3 remaining by 1979. The last aircraft were withdrawn after the first Gulf War.;MGL: 15 were delivered from 1956 with 6 remaining in service by 1979. None remained in service by 1994.;PRK: About 15 have been operated from 1958 with fewer than 10 in service by 1979 and the last withdrawn by 1998.;flag|North Yemen: 6 or more were delivered from 1958, with a single example flying in 1979. This was passed on to the unified Yemen.;POL: 12 or more served from 1955, including Soviet built Il-14P, Il-14S, and Il-14T, as well as VEB built Il-14P and Il-14T models. These served as late as 1995.;flag|Romania|1952: 33 were delivered from 1955, including 30 VEB built Il-14P models as well as 3 Il-14M aircraft delivered in 1961. Only 4 remained in service by 1979, with the last Il-14M being retired in 1983. None remained in service by 1993.;flag|South Yemen: 4 were delivered from 1966, serving as late as 1988.;USSR: Serving from 1954, 235 were in service in 1979.;SYR: 16 were delivered from 1957, with 8 remaining in service by 1979. Final examples were in service as late as 1998.;VIE: 45 were delivered from 1958, with 12 remaining in service by 1979. None remained in service by 1998.;YEM: 1 was inherited from North Yemen in 1990, serving for a short time before being retired.;YUG: 12 were delivered from 1963, with up to 10 still in service by 1979. None remained in service by 1998.

Civil operators

Very few examples remain airworthy, with some still in use for freight duties and a handful maintained by aviation clubs and enthusiasts. Today at least one aircraft remains airworthy in Russia while another is possibly airworthy in the United States.

;BUL
*Balkan Bulgarian Airlines
*Tabso;PRC
*CAAC
*Shanxi Airlines
*Wuhan Airlines
*Zhongyuan Airlines;CUB
*Aerocaribbean
*Cubana;CZS
*CSA Czech Airlines;DDR
*Interflug;HUN
*Malev – 10 were operated in Hungary from 1956, two of them by the Hungarian government, eight of them by Malév Hungarian Airlines. The first three of Malév's planes were built in the Soviet Union, with the remaining five Il-14P produced by East Germany. Malév's planes remained operational until 1970, the two planes of the government were retired in 1978. All the Hungarian Il-14 were sold to the Soviet Union for using by the Arctic aviation.;MLI
*Air Mali;MGL
*Mongolian Airlines - UVS-MNR Air Mongol;PRK
*CAAK;POL
*Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT operated 20 aircraft between 1955 and 1974.;flag|Romania|1952
*Tarom;USSR
*Aeroflot;YEM
*Yemen Airlines;YUG
*JAT

pecifications (Il-14)

aircraft specifications

plane or copter?=plane
jet or prop?=prop

ref=The Encyclopedia of World Aircraftcite book
author=Donald, David (Editor)
title = The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft
year = 1997
publisher = Aerospace Publishing
id =ISBN 1-85605-375-X]

crew=Four (flight crew)
capacity=24-28 passengers
length main= 22.30 m
length alt= 73 ft 2 in
span main=31.70 m
span alt= 104 ft 0 in
height main= 7.90 m
height alt= 25 ft 11 in
area main= 99.7 m²
area alt= 1,073 ft²
airfoil=
empty weight main= 12,600 kg
empty weight alt= 27,778 lb
loaded weight main= kg
loaded weight alt= lb
useful load main= kg
useful load alt= kg
max takeoff weight main= 18,000 kg
max takeoff weight alt= 39,683 lb
more general=

engine (prop)= Shvetsov ASh-82T
type of prop=14 cylinder air cooled radial engines
number of props=2
power main= 1,417 kW
power alt= 1,900 hp
power original=

max speed main= 417 km/h
max speed alt= 225 knots, 259 mph
cruise speed main= km/h
cruise speed alt= knots, mph
stall speed main= km/h
stall speed alt= knots, mph
never exceed speed main= km/h
never exceed speed alt= knots, mph
range main= 1,305 km
range alt= 705 nm, 811 mi
range more=(full payload)
ceiling main= 7,400 m
ceiling alt= 24,280 ft
climb rate main= m/s
climb rate alt= ft/min
loading main= kg/m²
loading alt= lb/ft²
thrust/weight=
power/mass main= W/kg
power/mass alt= hp/lb
more performance=

armament=

avionics=

ee also

aircontent

related=
* Ilyushin Il-12

similar aircraft=

lists=
* List of airliners
* List of military transport aircraft

External links

* [http://www.ruudleeuw.com/temp-petrykowski-il14.htm An lyushin IL-14P on its final flight]

References