- Waldgirmes Forum
The Roman Forum of Lahnau-Waldgirmes ( _de. Das Römische Forum Lahnau-Waldgirmes) is a fortified Roman trading place, located at the edge of the modern village Waldgirmes, part of
Lahnau on theLahn ,Hesse ,Germany . The site has the oldest known stone buildings inMagna Germania .The archaeological evidence at Waldgirmes suggests the remains of one of a series of planned towns and market places founded by the Romans east of the
Rhine and north of theDanube , with the aim of long-term growth into population centres. The complex was never completed. In the absence of any historical reference or local inscriptions, the original name of the site remains unknown.Archaeological evidence and finds
The area, just northwest of Waldgirmes and at the eastern city limit of
Wetzlar , has been the subject of archaeologicalexcavation since 1993. The remains discovered include an impressive forum, on one side of which stood a stone-built central building orbasilica , flanked by twoapse s, Further structures were built using the Romanhalf-timbered technique on stone foundations. Their roofs were of wooden slates.The complex was surrounded by a wooden
palisade with a double ditch and three gates to the west, east and south. The location of what would have been the northern gate was taken by a tower. From the outside, it would have looked like a Roman military fort, but its interior contained a trading centre with a market, two crossing streets with central channels for drainage or water supplies, stables, storage buildings, taverns and houses with woodenportico s. By 2004, 24 house floorplans and a well of 4 m depth had been excavated. No temple has been discovered, a fact that may be explained by the short duration of activity at the site. Everything found resembles a higher-status Roman settlement, nothing is reminiscent of Germanic or Celtic traditions.One of the most important finds is 200 fragments of a life-sized gilded bronze equestrian statue, probably of
Augustus , discovered in and around the central building and surrounding settlement. Other important finds include a glass seal with a depiction ofNiobe , a mosaic glass bead depictingApis , several other pieces of jewellery, and some unworkedamber . The pottery found was predominantly Roman, simple handmade Germanic material made up only about 20% of the total ceramics. Apparently, different ethnic groups inhabited the site side-by-side. Coins found date activity at Waldgirmes to between 5 BC and 9 AD, the year ofBattle of Teutoburg Forest .History
Since
Theodor Mommsen , it had been assumed that Roman operations in Greater Germania were limited to exploratory expeditions, and small temporary trading stations. This was in spite of the fact thatCassius Dio (56,18,2) refers to the foundation of some cities during the governorship of Varus. Waldgirmes appears to have been one such place, designed to trade with the Germanic population and to supply Roman troops. The Celticoppidum of Dünsberg, abandoned around 20 BC, was about 20 km from the new site.Waldgirmes appears to have been a planned new foundation on a virgin site. Dendrochronological study of the wooden well indicates that the tree providing the wood was felled in 4 BC. Thus, the settlement's construction probably started before that time. Its location, on a spur of land jutting into the Lahn river, was highly defensible. Additionally, it would have been possible to reach areas of established Roman presence along the Rhine relatively quickly by boat. The existence of the oversized forum at the centre of the site suggests that it may have been intended to form the core settlement of a future "
civitas ", an important part of a projected Romanisation of the area.The site remained unfinished, indicated by the large undeveloped areas. After the Teutoburg disaster, when virtually all Roman military posts east of the Rhine were lost, Waldgirmes was abandoned. The finds suggest that this was intentional: between AD 9 and 16, during the period of Roman punitive expeditions, the site was occasionally used as a military camp. After that, it was destroyed by the Roman army.
References
* Armin Becker, Gabriele Rasbach: "„Städte in Germanien“: Der Fundplatz Waldgirmes". In: Rainer Wiegels (ed.): "Die Varusschlacht. Wendepunkt der Geschichte?". Theiss, Stuttgart 2007 (Archäologie in Deutschland, Sonderheft), ISBN 978-3-8062-1760-5, S. 102-116.
* Gabriele Rasbach, Armin Becker: "Die spätaugusteische Stadtgründung in Lahnau-Waldgirmes. Archäologische, architektonische und naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen." In: "Germania" 81 (2003), S. 147–199.
* Michael Zick: "Rom an der Lahn." In: "Abenteuer Archäologie" 2006, 1, S. 46ff. ISSN|1612-9954 ( [http://www.waldgirmes.de/presse/AbArch_06_01_S046.pdf online] )External links
* [http://www.waldgirmes.de/roemer/index.htm Römisches Forum Lahnau-Waldgirmes German-language page about the site]
* [http://www.dainst.org/spuren/index4.php?id=6773 German Archaeological Institute report on Waldgirmes]
* [http://www.livius.org/a/germany/waldgirmes/waldgirmes.html Livius.org: Waldgirmes] - picturesource of translation
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