- Zhu Hong
placed them in the middle of such conditions. For Zhu Hong and other Buddhists the Jesuits were an additional headache to a long list of serious problems. Zhu Hong’s rebuttal of Catholicism was the first of a longer and ever-growing response. At the first stage of anti-Catholicism the Buddhists had a weak grasp of the religion. Zhu’s "Tianshuo" 天说 (Explanation of Heaven) appeared in his "Sanbi" collection in 1615. Matteo Ricci’s monumental theological work "Tienzhu shiyi" 天主實義 had already appeared in 1596. Zhu Hongs polemic coincided with the political appointment of Shen Que 沈隺(d. 1624) as vice minister of rites in Nanking (Nanjing) and his initiation of an anti-Catholic campaign from official circles in 1616. Zhu Hongs collected essays, the "Zhuzhuang suibi" was written and published in three sections, the "Chubi" 初笔, "Erbi" 二笔 and the "Sanbi" 三笔, modeled after the classic Song period collection "Rongzhai suibi". Zhu Hong’s first collection was published in 1600 at age 70, the second and third at age 81 in 1615.
BOOKS
*Chun-Fang, "Renewal of Buddhism in China: Chu-Hung & the Late Ming Synthesis", Columbia University Press, 1981, ISBN 0231049722
ARTICLES
*Carpenter, Bruce, E. 'Buddhism and the Seventeenth Century Anti-Catholic Movement in China,"'Tezukayama University Review" (Tezukayama Daigaku Ronshu), no. 54, 1986, pp. 17-26.
ISSN 0385-7743
*Yu Chun-fang in Goodrich and Fang ed., "Dictionary of Ming Biography", Columbia University Press, New York, 1976, vol. 1, 322-324. ISBN 0-231-03801-1
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