Arthur Guyton

Infobox_Scientist
name = Arthur Guyton


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birth_date = birth date|1919|9|8|mf=y
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death_date = death date and age|2003|4|3|1919|9|8|mf=y
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nationality = USA
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field = Physiology
work_institution = University of Mississippi
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Arthur Clifton Guyton (September 8, 1919 - April 3 2003) was an American physiologist. He was born in Oxford, Mississippi, to Dr. Billy S. Guyton, a highly respected eye, ear, nose, and throat specialist, who later became Dean of the University of Mississippi Medical School, and Kate Smallwood Guyton, a mathematics and physics teacher who had been a missionary in China before marriage.

Guyton is most famous for his experiments in the 1950s which studied the physiology of cardiac output and its relationship with the peripheral circulation.

It was this work which overturned the conventional wisdom that it was the heart itself that controlled cardiac output. Guyton instead demonstrated that it was the need of the body tissues for oxygen which was the real regulator of cardiac output. The "Guyton Curves" which describe the relationship between right atrial pressures and cardiac output form the basis of understanding the physiology of circulation.

Dr. Guyton initially intended to be a cardiovascular surgeon but was partially paralysed after being infected with polio. He suffered from this infection in 1946 duringhis final year of residency training. Suffering paralysis in his right leg, left arm,and both shoulders, he spent nine months in Warm Springs, Georgia, recuperatingand applying his inventive mind to building the first motorized wheelchaircontrolled by a “joy stick,” a motorized hoist for lifting patients, special legbraces, and other devices to aid the handicapped. For those inventions hereceived a Presidential Citation.

Due to his disability, he had to abandon his plan to become a surgeon. Instead he concentrated on physiology research and teaching, and became the head of the University of Mississippi Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics. He retired as department chair in 1989 but continued as emeritus professor up until his death in 2003 in a car accident. Despite his disability, he was father to 10 children who all went on to become celebrated physicians, including a Professor of Ophthalmology,a Professor of Surgery, a Professor of Medicine, a cardiothoracic surgeon, a rheumatologist, two anaesthesiologists and two orthopaedic surgeons. Eight of his children attended Harvard Medical school.

Arthur Guyton’s research contributions, which include more than 600 papers and 40 books, are legendary and place him among the greatest figures in the history of cardiovascular physiology. His research covered virtually all areas of cardiovascular regulation and led to many seminal concepts that are now an integral part of our understanding of cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, heart failure, and edema. It is difficult to discuss cardiovascular regulation without including his concepts of cardiac output and venous return, negative interstitial fluid pressure and regulation of tissue fluid volume and edema, regulation of tissue blood flow and whole body blood flow autoregulation, renal-pressure natriuresis, and long-term blood pressure regulation.

Guyton is perhaps best known for his book 'Textbook of medical physiology', of which the first edition was published in 1956. Since then, 11 editions of it have appeared (10 of which have appeared before Guyton's death). 'Textbook of medical physiology' is the world's best-selling physiology book and has been translated in more than 10 languages. Large parts of the book were dictated by Guyton, who was unable to write due to his polio.

References

* Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of medical physiology.
* [http://ajpregu.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/287/5/R1009 The pioneering use of systems analysis to study cardiac output regulation, John E. Hall]
* [http://www.the-aps.org/publications/tphys/2003html/June03/obit.htm Obituary published in The Physiologist magazine]
* Brinson C, Quinn J. Arthur C. Guyton—His Life, His Family, His Achievements. Jackson, MS, Hederman Brothers Press, 1989.
* Bode R. A Doctor Who’s Dad to Seven Doctors—So Far! Readers’ Digest, December, 1982, pp. 141–145.

External links

* [http://www.umc.edu/guyton/ UMC.edu: The Arthur C. Guyton Archives]

Persondata
NAME= Guyton, Arthur
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION=American physiologist
DATE OF BIRTH= September 8, 1919
PLACE OF BIRTH=
DATE OF DEATH= April 3 2003
PLACE OF DEATH=