Guardians of Independence
- Guardians of Independence
The Guardians of Independence ("Haras al Istiqlal") were a secretive, clandestine political group established in early 1919 to oppose the British occupation of Iraq following World War I. Jafar abu al-Timman was its main organizer and leader. The Guardians of Independence used both nationalist and religious rhetoric against the British presence and contributed greatly to the rise of emotions that led to the 1920 revolt. It called for Iraqi and Syrian independence, the establishment of a constitutional monarchy, and the rejection of technical or economic assistance from the British. It concentrated most of its activities in the central Euphrates and in Baghdad. Its leadership included a number of prominent religious and political figures: Muhammad al-Sadr, Shakir Mahmud, Hikmat Shawkat, Jalal Baban, and Muhamman Baqir al-Shabibi.
References
* Ghareeb, Edmund A. "Historical Dictionary of Iraq", p. 78. Scarecrow Press, 2004, ISBN 0810843307.
Wikimedia Foundation.
2010.
Look at other dictionaries:
Wars of Scottish Independence — The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. The First War (1296–1328) began with the English invasion of… … Wikipedia
First War of Scottish Independence — Infobox Military Conflict conflict= First War of Scottish Independence partof= date=1296 1328 place=Scotland result=Scottish victory, Scotland maintained its independence combatant1= combatant2= commander1=Andrew de Moray Sir William Wallace… … Wikipedia
Second War of Scottish Independence — The Second War of Scottish Independence began properly in 1333 when Edward III of England overturned the 1328 Treaty of Northampton, under which England recognised the legitimacy of the dynasty established by Robert Bruce. Edward was determined… … Wikipedia
Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution — Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps redirects here. It is not to be confused with Revolutionary Guard Corps. Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی Active … Wikipedia
Croatian War of Independence — Part of the Yugoslav Wars … Wikipedia
Indian Independence League — The Indian Independence League (also known as IIL) was a political organisation operated from the 1920s to the 1940s to organize those living outside of India into seeking the removal of British colonial rule over India. Founded in 1928 by Indian … Wikipedia
British Mandate of Mesopotamia — الانتداب البريطاني على بلاد ما بين النهرين Mandate of the United Kingdom ← … Wikipedia
Mesopotamian campaign — Part of Middle Eastern theatre (World War I) … Wikipedia
Iran — /i ran , i rahn , uy ran /, n. a republic in SW Asia. 67,540,002; ab. 635,000 sq. mi. (1,644,650 sq. km). Cap.: Teheran. Formerly (until 1935), Persia. * * * Iran Introduction Iran Background: Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic… … Universalium
Scotland in the Late Middle Ages — The history of Scotland in the Late Middle Ages might be said to be dominated by the twin themes of crisis and transition. It is a period where the boundaries are set by the death of kings that of Alexander III in 1286 and James IV in 1513, one… … Wikipedia
