Elimination communication

Elimination communication

Elimination communication (EC) is a toilet training practice in which a caregiver uses timing, signals, cues, and intuition to address an infant's need to eliminate waste. Caregivers try to recognize and respond to babies' bodily needs and enable them to urinate and defecate in an appropriate place (e.g. a toilet). Caregivers either use diapers (nappies) as a back-up in case of misses, avoid the use of them altogether, or do a mixture of the two. EC emphasizes communication between the caregiver and child, helping them both become more attuned to the child's innate rhythms and control of urination and defecation. The practice can be done full time, part time, or just occasionally. The term "elimination communication" was inspired by traditional practices of diaper-less baby care in less industrialized countries and hunter-gatherer cultures.[1] Some practitioners of EC begin soon after birth, although it can be started with babies of any age.

Contents

Origins

The terms elimination communication and natural infant hygiene were coined by Ingrid Bauer and are used interchangeably in her book, Diaper Free! The Gentle Wisdom of Natural Infant Hygiene (2001). Bauer had traveled to India and Africa, where she noticed that most mothers would carry their diaperless babies constantly, yet she saw no elimination "accidents" as would be expected in industrialized countries where babies wear diapers almost continuously from birth. Subsequently, she raised her own children with minimal use of diapers, and eventually began to share her approach with other mothers and caregivers — initially through Internet-based parenting support groups and eventually through her book and website.[2]

Prior publications introducing Western parents to this ancient practice include the booklet Conscious Toilet Training, by Laurie Boucke (1979), book Trickle Treat: Diaperless Infant Toilet Training Method, by Laurie Boucke (1991), a pamphlet entitled Elimination Timing, by Natec (1994), and the more extensive Infant Potty Training: A Gentle and Primeval Method Adapted to Modern Living, by Laurie Boucke (2000). Boucke was influenced by an Indian friend who taught her how mothers in India care for babies without diapers, and she adapted it to fit her Western lifestyle. Boucke later co-produced an in-depth DVD entitled Potty Whispering: The Gentle Practice of Infant Potty Training (2006) and co-authored articles for medical journals.[3]

While the terms elimination communication and infant potty training have become synonymous, many caregivers who practice EC do not consider it to be a form of "training," per se. EC is viewed primarily as a way to meet the baby's present needs and to enhance attachment and communication in general. In that sense, EC is often likened to breastfeeding. "Toilet mastery is, of course, an inevitable consequence," writes Bauer, "Yet it's no more the goal of Natural Infant Hygiene than weaning is the goal of breastfeeding." (2001, p. 217)

Today, one often hears the terms natural infant hygiene, infant potty training, "nappy free" and "elimination communication" used synonymously.

Benefits

According to "The Diaper-Free Baby" by Christine Gross Loh, EC offers a large range of advantages. Because EC lessens families' reliance on diapers, this helps reduce the number of diapers sent to landfill, and is cheaper. ECed babies are free from the problems of conventional diapering: diaper rash; diaper change battles; not being able to explore this area; vulnerability to urinary tract infections; potentially delayed or difficult potty training. Gross Loh also reports that EC creates a unique and wonderful bond between babies and caregivers. [4] Parents report that the squat or ‘potty’ position that parents tend to hold their baby in order to go seems to be very comfortable for babies. Just as for a laboring mother, the position helps to relax the pelvic floor muscles. This seems to help babies who are suffering from mild constipation. Some babies find defecating to be an unsettling process, especially when they are eating solid food. With EC, parents feel they can offer emotional and physical support. [5]

Criticisms

Conventional potty training advice is based on the research by T Berry Brazelton who introduced the idea of the "readiness approach". He writes that "widespread acceptance of readiness and independent toileting have since been supported by clinical experience and resulted in agreement that a child should be ready to participate in toilet training at approximately 18 months of age and be trained completely by 2 or 3 years old." He argues that trying to toilet train before this age could be coercive and therefore psychologically damaging. [6] Brazelton acknowledges that EC is both possible and desirable, but he believes it is difficult to perform in Western society. In particular he cites a mother's return to work as an obstacle to EC. He also argues that parents should not be made to feel guilty if they cannot communicate with their babies in this way. [7] Anecdotal evidence from parents suggest that EC is not as convenient as conventional diapering.[8]

Components

The main components of EC are timing, signals, cueing, and intuition.

Timing

Timing refers to identifying the infant's natural timing of elimination. Newborns tend to urinate every 10–20 minutes, sometimes very regularly, which makes timing extremely useful. Older babies may still be very regular, or may vary in timing based on when they have last eaten or slept. As infants get older, the time between eliminations will increase. By six months, it is not uncommon for babies to go an hour or more without urinating while awake (babies, like adults, rarely urinate during a deep sleep). Timing varies radically for defecation, as some infants may have several bowel movements a day, while others may only have one every few days. Parents report that some babies as young as three months will appear to hold all their bowel movements until they are held in a particular squat position, as long as this is offered regularly enough. [9] Parents also offer the potty at various times according to routine, e.g. after a feed, after waking, just before bath or bed. [10] In the west, infant potty training historically relied on timing as the main method of training. [11] [12]

Signals

Signals are the baby's way of informing a caregiver of an elimination need. Some babies signal very clearly from the beginning, while others may have very subtle signals, or no signal at all. These signals vary widely from one infant to another, and include a certain facial expression, a particular cry, squirming, a sudden unexplained fussiness, as well as others. Babies who are nursing will often start delatching and relatching repeatedly when they need to eliminate. For defecation, many babies will grunt or pass gas as a signal. As babies get older their signals become more conscious and babies often point to, or look at, a caregiver or potty to indicate need. Older babies can learn a gesture or baby sign for "potty". Later they may learn a word as part of their early acquisition of language.[13][14]

Cueing

Cueing consists of the caregiver making a particular sound or other cue when the baby is in an appropriate place to urinate or defecate, in order to develop two-way communication. At first, the caregiver can make the cueing sound when the baby is eliminating, to develop an association. Once the association is established, the cue can be used to indicate to the baby that he or she is in an appropriate potty place. This is especially useful for infants who may not recognize public toilets or unfamiliar receptacles as a "potty." Common sound cues include "psss psss" for urination, and "hmm hmm" (grunting) for defecation. Older babies (late starters) may respond better to more word-like cues. Cues do not have to be auditory; the act of sitting on the potty itself can serve as a cue, or the sign language for "toilet" can be a cue. The American Sign Language sign for "toilet" involves forming a hand into the letter "T" (a fist with the thumb inserted between the first and middle fingers) and shaking the hand side to side from the wrist. [15]

Intuition

Intuition refers to a caregiver's unprompted thought that the baby may need to eliminate. Although much intuition may simply be subconscious awareness of timing or signals, many parents who practice EC find it an extremely reliable component.

See also

References

Most Current Publication: EC Simplified - Infant Potty Training Made Easy!

  1. ^ Practicing Elimination Communication - DiaperFreeBaby
  2. ^ 'Diaper Free! The Gentle Wisdom of Natural Infant Hygiene (2001)
  3. ^ Search for medical journal articles by Boucke et al.
  4. ^ "The Diaper-Free Baby" by Christine Gross Loh (Los Angeles: Regan, 2007)
  5. ^ http://www.nappyfreebaby.co.uk/
  6. ^ Instruction, Timeliness, and Medical Influences Affecting Toilet Training by T. Berry Brazelton, MD et al.*
  7. ^ Desert News Archives: A new/old way to toilet-train baby, by Berry Brazelton and Sparrow
  8. ^ http://groups.yahoo.com/group/eliminationcommunication/ yahoo group supporting parents who EC
  9. ^ http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ecuk/
  10. ^ http://www.nappyfreebaby.co.uk/
  11. ^ Lekovic, Jill M. Diaper-Free Before 3. New York: Three Rivers Press. 2006.
  12. ^ Schaefer, Charles E. and Theresa Foy DiGeronimo. Toilet Training Without Tears. New York: Signet. 1997.
  13. ^ http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ecuk/
  14. ^ "The Diaper-Free Baby" by Christine Gross Loh (Los Angeles: Regan, 2007)
  15. ^ American Sign Language - Bathroom

External links


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination — ICERD International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination Signed 7 March 1966[1] Location New York[1] Effective 4 January 1969[1] Co …   Wikipedia

  • Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women — OP CEDAW Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Signed 6 October 1999[1] Location New York[1] Effective 22 December 2000[2] Conditi …   Wikipedia

  • Jeux de la communication — Les Jeux de la Communication sont une rencontre annuelle entre plusieurs départements de communication de certaines universités francophones et bilingues du Canada. Comparable aux Jeux de Génie ou aux Jeux du Commerce, Les Jeux de la Com durent… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • potty whispering — n. The technique of training an infant to go to the washroom on cue by associating the act of elimination with a brief word or sound, especially one whispered in the baby s ear. potty whisperer n. Example Citations: [Ingrid] Bauer began cueing… …   New words

  • Urination — Manneken Pis, bronze sculpture in Brussels, Belgium Urination, also known as micturition, voiding, peeing, weeing, pissing, and more rarely, emiction, is the ejection of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the… …   Wikipedia

  • Hygiene naturelle infantile — Hygiène naturelle infantile L’hygiène naturelle infantile (H.N.I.), connue aux États Unis sous le nom d’Elimination Communication (E.C.), consiste à observer les réactions d un bébé afin de détecter les signes indiquant qu’il a envie de faire ses …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Hygiène naturelle infantile — L’hygiène naturelle infantile (H.N.I.), connue aux États Unis sous le nom d’Elimination Communication (E.C.), consiste à observer les réactions d un bébé afin de détecter les signes indiquant qu’il a envie de faire ses besoins (urine et selles),… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Diaper — Nappy redirects here. For other uses, see Nappy (disambiguation) and Diaper (disambiguation). For the geological term, see diapir. Disposable baby diaper with resealable tapes and elasticated leg cuffs …   Wikipedia

  • Infant — Baby redirects here. For other uses, see Baby (disambiguation). Newborn redirects here. For the song by Muse, see New Born. For the moth, see Infant (moth). An infant sleeping …   Wikipedia

  • EC — may refer to:*EC Comics, a now defunct comic book company *EC No, or EC#, determined by the European Commission for identifying chemicals *EC number, used for the numerical classification of enzymes *EC meter (Electrical Conductivity meter),… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”