Angiotensin II receptor type 1

Angiotensin II receptor type 1

Angiotensin II receptor, type 1 or AT1 receptor is an angiotensin receptor. It has vasopressor effects and regulates aldosterone secretion. It is an important effector controlling blood pressure and volume in the cardiovascular system.

It is the best elucidated angiotensin receptor.

Mechanism

The angiotensin receptor is activated by the vasoconstricting peptide angiotensin II. The activated receptor in turn couples to Gq/11 and thus activates phospholipase C and increases the cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations, which in turn triggers cellular responses such as stimulation of protein kinase C. Activated receptor also inhibits adenylate cyclase and activates various tyrosine kinases.cite journal | author = Higuchi S, Ohtsu H, Suzuki H, Shirai H, Frank GD, Eguchi S | title = Angiotensin II signal transduction through the AT1 receptor: novel insights into mechanisms and pathophysiology | journal = Clin. Sci. | volume = 112 | issue = 8 | pages = 417–28 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17346243 | doi = 10.1042/CS20060342 | issn = ]

Effects

The AT1 receptor mediates the major cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II. Effects include vasoconstriction, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, increased vasopressin secretion, cardiac hypertrophy, augmentation of peripheral noradrenergic activity, vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation, decreased renal blood flow, renal renin inhibition, renal tubular sodium reuptake, modulation of central sympathetic nervous system activity, cardiac contractility, central osmocontrol and extracellular matrix formation.cite journal | author = Catt KJ, Mendelsohn FA, Millan MA, Aguilera G | title = The role of angiotensin II receptors in vascular regulation | journal = J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. | volume = 6 Suppl 4 | issue = | pages = S575–86 | year = 1984 | pmid = 6083400 | doi = | issn = ]

Pathology

The AT1 receptor may play role in the generation of reperfusion arrhythmias following restoration of blood flow to ischemic or infarcted myocardium.

Gene

It was previously thought that a related gene, denoted as AGTR1B, existed; however, it is now believed that there is only one type 1 receptor gene in humans. At least four transcript variants have been described for this gene. Additional variants have been described but their full-length nature has not been determined. The entire coding sequence is contained in the terminal exon and is present in all transcript variants.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: AGTR1 angiotensin II receptor, type 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=185| accessdate = ]

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Matsusaka T, Ichikawa I |title=Biological functions of angiotensin and its receptors. |journal=Annu. Rev. Physiol. |volume=59 |issue= |pages= 395–412 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9074770 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.physiol.59.1.395
*cite journal | author=Allen AM, Moeller I, Jenkins TA, "et al." |title=Angiotensin receptors in the nervous system. |journal=Brain Res. Bull. |volume=47 |issue= 1 |pages= 17–28 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9766385 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Berry C, Touyz R, Dominiczak AF, "et al." |title=Angiotensin receptors: signaling, vascular pathophysiology, and interactions with ceramide. |journal=Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. |volume=281 |issue= 6 |pages= H2337–65 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11709400 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Arima S, Ito S |title=New insights into actions of the renin-angiotensin system in the kidney: concentrating on the Ang II receptors and the newly described Ang-(1-7) and its receptor. |journal=Semin. Nephrol. |volume=21 |issue= 6 |pages= 535–43 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11709801 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Stowasser M, Gunasekera TG, Gordon RD |title=Familial varieties of primary aldosteronism. |journal=Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. |volume=28 |issue= 12 |pages= 1087–90 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11903322 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Padmanabhan N, Padmanabhan S, Connell JM |title=Genetic basis of cardiovascular disease--the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as a paradigm. |journal=Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS |volume=1 |issue= 4 |pages= 316–24 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11967817 |doi= 10.3317/jraas.2000.060
*cite journal | author=Thibonnier M, Coles P, Thibonnier A, Shoham M |title=Molecular pharmacology and modeling of vasopressin receptors. |journal=Prog. Brain Res. |volume=139 |issue= |pages= 179–96 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12436935 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Elton TS, Martin MM |title=Alternative splicing: a novel mechanism to fine-tune the expression and function of the human AT1 receptor. |journal=Trends Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=14 |issue= 2 |pages= 66–71 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12591176 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Saavedra JM, Benicky J, Zhou J |title=Mechanisms of the Anti-Ischemic Effect of Angiotensin II AT( 1 ) Receptor Antagonists in the Brain. |journal=Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. |volume=26 |issue= 7-8 |pages= 1099–111 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16636899 |doi= 10.1007/s10571-006-9009-0
*cite journal | author=Oliveira L, Costa-Neto CM, Nakaie CR, "et al." |title=The angiotensin II AT1 receptor structure-activity correlations in the light of rhodopsin structure. |journal=Physiol. Rev. |volume=87 |issue= 2 |pages= 565–92 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17429042 |doi= 10.1152/physrev.00040.2005
*cite journal | author=Ariza AC, Bobadilla NA, Halhali A |title= [Endothelin 1 and angiotensin II in preeeclampsia] |journal=Rev. Invest. Clin. |volume=59 |issue= 1 |pages= 48–56 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17569300 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Xia Y, Zhou CC, Ramin SM, Kellems RE |title=Angiotensin receptors, autoimmunity, and preeclampsia. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=179 |issue= 6 |pages= 3391–5 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17785770 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Mauzy CA, Hwang O, Egloff AM, "et al." |title=Cloning, expression, and characterization of a gene encoding the human angiotensin II type 1A receptor. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=186 |issue= 1 |pages= 277–84 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1378723 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Curnow KM, Pascoe L, White PC |title=Genetic analysis of the human type-1 angiotensin II receptor. |journal=Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=6 |issue= 7 |pages= 1113–8 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1508224 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Furuta H, Guo DF, Inagami T |title=Molecular cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding human angiotensin II type 1 receptor. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=183 |issue= 1 |pages= 8–13 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1543512 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Takayanagi R, Ohnaka K, Sakai Y, "et al." |title=Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and expression of a cDNA encoding human type-1 angiotensin II receptor. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=183 |issue= 2 |pages= 910–6 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1550596 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Bergsma DJ, Ellis C, Kumar C, "et al." |title=Cloning and characterization of a human angiotensin II type 1 receptor. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=183 |issue= 3 |pages= 989–95 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1567413 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Gemmill RM, Drabkin HA |title=Report of the Second International Workshop on Human Chromosome 3 mapping. |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=57 |issue= 4 |pages= 162–6 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1683828 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Curnow KM, Pascoe L, Davies E, "et al." |title=Alternatively spliced human type 1 angiotensin II receptor mRNAs are translated at different efficiencies and encode two receptor isoforms. |journal=Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=9 |issue= 9 |pages= 1250–62 |year= 1996 |pmid= 7491117 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Marrero MB, Schieffer B, Paxton WG, "et al." |title=Direct stimulation of Jak/STAT pathway by the angiotensin II AT1 receptor. |journal=Nature |volume=375 |issue= 6528 |pages= 247–50 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7746328 |doi= 10.1038/375247a0

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