Cyclin D2

Cyclin D2
Identifiers
Symbols	CCND2; KIAK0002; MGC102758
External IDs	OMIM: 123833 MGI: 88314 HomoloGene: 37525 GeneCards: CCND2 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • protein binding • protein kinase binding Cellular component • cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex • nucleus • cytoplasm • membrane Biological process • G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle • ovarian follicle development • liver development • positive regulation of protein phosphorylation • spermatogenesis • response to organic cyclic compound • response to estradiol stimulus • cellular response to insulin stimulus • response to testosterone stimulus • response to peptide hormone stimulus • response to ethanol • regulation of neuron differentiation • positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity • positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation • cell division • response to cAMP Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	894	12444
Ensembl	ENSG00000118971	ENSMUSG00000000184
UniProt	P30279	Q4FK45
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001759.3	NM_009829.3
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001750.1	NP_033959.1
Location (UCSC)	Chr 12: 4.38 – 4.41 Mb	Chr 6: 127.08 – 127.1 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND2 gene.^[1]

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of cyclin-dependent kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activtiy is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with and be involved in the phosphorylation of tumor suppressor protein Rb. Knockout studies of the homologous gene in mouse suggest the essential roles of this gene in ovarian granulosa and germ cell proliferation. High level expression of this gene was observed in ovarian and testicular tumors.^[2]

References

1. ^ Inaba T, Matsushime H, Valentine M, Roussel MF, Sherr CJ, Look AT (Aug 1992). "Genomic organization, chromosomal localization, and independent expression of human cyclin D genes". Genomics 13 (3): 565–74. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90126-D. PMID 1386335. 
2. ^ "Entrez Gene: CCND2 cyclin D2". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=894. 

Further reading

• Xiong Y, Menninger J, Beach D, Ward DC (1992). "Molecular cloning and chromosomal mapping of CCND genes encoding human D-type cyclins.". Genomics 13 (3): 575–84. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90127-E. PMID 1386336. 
• Hirai H, Roussel MF, Kato JY, et al. (1995). "Novel INK4 proteins, p19 and p18, are specific inhibitors of the cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (5): 2672–81. PMC 230497. PMID 7739547. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=230497. 
• Meyerson M, Harlow E (1994). "Identification of G1 kinase activity for cdk6, a novel cyclin D partner.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (3): 2077–86. PMC 358568. PMID 8114739. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=358568. 
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1-2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298. 
• Ewen ME, Sluss HK, Sherr CJ, et al. (1993). "Functional interactions of the retinoblastoma protein with mammalian D-type cyclins.". Cell 73 (3): 487–97. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90136-E. PMID 8343202. 
• Palmero I, Holder A, Sinclair AJ, et al. (1993). "Cyclins D1 and D2 are differentially expressed in human B-lymphoid cell lines.". Oncogene 8 (4): 1049–54. PMID 8455931. 
• Brooks AR, Shiffman D, Chan CS, et al. (1996). "Functional analysis of the human cyclin D2 and cyclin D3 promoters.". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (15): 9090–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.15.9090. PMID 8621559. 
• Hirai H, Sherr CJ (1996). "Interaction of D-type cyclins with a novel myb-like transcription factor, DMP1.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (11): 6457–67. PMC 231647. PMID 8887674. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=231647. 
• Sicinski P, Donaher JL, Geng Y, et al. (1997). "Cyclin D2 is an FSH-responsive gene involved in gonadal cell proliferation and oncogenesis.". Nature 384 (6608): 470–4. doi:10.1038/384470a0. PMID 8945475. 
• Kitagawa M, Higashi H, Jung HK, et al. (1997). "The consensus motif for phosphorylation by cyclin D1-Cdk4 is different from that for phosphorylation by cyclin A/E-Cdk2.". EMBO J. 15 (24): 7060–9. PMC 452531. PMID 9003781. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=452531. 
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library.". Gene 200 (1-2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149. 
• Guidato S, McLoughlin DM, Grierson AJ, Miller CC (1998). "Cyclin D2 interacts with cdk-5 and modulates cellular cdk-5/p35 activity.". J. Neurochem. 70 (1): 335–40. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70010335.x. PMID 9422379. 
• Gómez Lahoz E, Liegeois NJ, Zhang P, et al. (1999). "Cyclin D- and E-dependent kinases and the p57(KIP2) inhibitor: cooperative interactions in vivo.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (1): 353–63. PMC 83893. PMID 9858559. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=83893. 
• Bartkova J, Rajpert-de Meyts E, Skakkebaek NE, Bartek J (2000). "D-type cyclins in adult human testis and testicular cancer: relation to cell type, proliferation, differentiation, and malignancy.". J. Pathol. 187 (5): 573–81. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199904)187:5<573::AID-PATH289>3.0.CO;2-H. PMID 10398124. 
• Bouchard C, Thieke K, Maier A, et al. (1999). "Direct induction of cyclin D2 by Myc contributes to cell cycle progression and sequestration of p27.". EMBO J. 18 (19): 5321–33. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.19.5321. PMC 1171602. PMID 10508165. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1171602. 
• Sansal I, Dupont E, Toru D, et al. (2000). "NPDC-1, a regulator of neural cell proliferation and differentiation, interacts with E2F-1, reduces its binding to DNA and modulates its transcriptional activity.". Oncogene 19 (43): 5000–9. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203843. PMID 11042687. 
• Choi D, Lee EY, Yoon S, et al. (2001). "Clinical correlation of cyclin D2 mRNA expression in human luteinized granulosa cells.". J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 17 (10): 574–9. doi:10.1023/A:1026470825514. PMID 11209538. 
• Tanguay DA, Colarusso TP, Doughty C, et al. (2001). "Cutting edge: differential signaling requirements for activation of assembled cyclin D3-cdk4 complexes in B-1 and B-2 lymphocyte subsets.". J. Immunol. 166 (7): 4273–7. PMID 11254678. 
• Choi D, Yoon S, Lee E, et al. (2001). "The expression of pseudogene cyclin D2 mRNA in the human ovary may be a novel marker for decreased ovarian function associated with the aging process.". J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 18 (2): 110–3. doi:10.1023/A:1026538826392. PMID 11285977.