Ovation

For other uses, see Ovation (disambiguation).

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The ovation (Latin: ovatio) was a lower form of the Roman triumph. Ovations were granted, when war was not declared between enemies on the level of states, when an enemy was considered basely inferior (slaves, pirates) or when the general conflict was resolved with little to no bloodshed or danger to the army itself.^[1]

The general celebrating the ovation did not enter the city on a biga, a chariot pulled by two white horses, as generals celebrating triumphs did, but instead walked in the toga praetexta of a magistrate (a toga with a purple stripe, unlike generals in triumphs, who wore the toga picta that was totally purple and adorned with gold embroidery).

The honoured general also wore a wreath of myrtle (sacred to Venus) upon his brow, rather than the triumphal wreath of laurel. The Roman Senate did not precede the general, nor did soldiers usually participate in the procession.

Perhaps the most famous ovation in history is that which Marcus Licinius Crassus celebrated after his victory of the Third Servile War.

Ovation holders

Republic There were 23 known ovations during the Republic.^[2]

• 503 BC - P. Postumius Tubertus (over Sabins)
• 487 BC - C. Aquilius Tuscus
• 474 BC - A. Manlius Volso
• 462 BC - T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus
• 421 BC - Cn. Fabius Vibulanus
• 410 BC - C. Valerius Potitus Volusus
• 390 BC - M. Manlius Capitolinus
• 360 BC - M. Fabius Ambustus
• 290 or 289 BC - M. Curius Dentatus
• 211 BC - M. Claudius Marcellus
• 207 BC - C. Claudius Nero
• 200 BC - L. Cornelius Lentulus
• 196 BC - Cn. Cornelius Blasius
• 195 BC - M. Helvius
• 191 BC - M. Fulvius
• 185 BC - L. Manlius Acidinus Fulvianus
• 182 BC - A. Terentius Varro
• 174 BC - Ap. Claudius Centho
• 132 BC - M. Perperna
• 99 BC - M. Aquilius
• 71 BC - M. Licinius Crassus
• 44 BC - Julius Caesar
• 40 BC - Augustus
• 36 BC - Augustus

Principate

• 11 BC - Nero Claudius Drusus
• 9 BC (approved in 11 BC) - Tiberius
• 20 - Drusus Julius Caesar
• 40 - Caligula
• 47 - Aulus Plautius ^[3]
• 50 - Publius Pomponius Secundus^[4]
• 55 - Nero
• 93 - Domitian

Notes

1. ^ Maxfield, Valerie A. (1981). The Military Decorations of the Roman Army. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 104–105. ISBN 978-0-520-04499-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=Nuex2PW7QR0C&pg=PA104. Retrieved 6 October 2011. 
2. ^ G. Rohde. Ovatio, RE XVIII, 1939, p. 1890-1903
3. ^ Tacitus, "Annales" (xiii.32)
4. ^ Tacitus, Annales (xii.28)

See also

• Roman Triumph
• Roman triumphal honours