Cluttering

Cluttering
This article is about the speech disorder. For other uses, see Cluttering (disambiguation).
Cluttering
Classification and external resources
ICD-10 F98.6
ICD-9 307.0

Cluttering (also called tachyphemia) is a speech disorder and a communication disorder characterized by speech that is difficult for listeners to understand due to rapid speaking rate, erratic rhythm, poor syntax or grammar, and words or groups of words unrelated to the sentence. Cluttering has in the past been viewed as a fluency disorder[1].

Definitions

Cluttering has been in the process of being defined for the last forty years. A current definition of cluttering is:

Cluttering is a fluency disorder characterized by a rate that is perceived to be abnormally rapid, irregular, or both for the speaker (although measured syllable rates may not exceed normal limits). These rate abnormalities further are manifest in one or more of the following symptoms: (a) an excessive number of disfluencies, the majority of which are not typical of people with stuttering; (b) the frequent placement of pauses and use of prosodic patterns that do not conform to syntactic and semantic constraints; and (c) inappropriate (usually excessive) degrees of coarticulation among sounds, especially in multisyllabic words[2].

Presentation

Those with cluttering may experience a short attention span, poor concentration, poorly organized thinking, inability to listen, and a lack of awareness that one's speech is unintelligible.

Spoonerisms, malapropisms, Colemanballs, and Freudian slips are examples of cluttering. Stuttering as a common term often refers to the speech disorder of cluttering, rather than to the speech disorder of stuttering. Cluttered speech is exhibited by normal speakers, and is often referred to as stuttering—this is especially true when the speaker is nervous, where nervous speech more closely resembles cluttering than stuttering.

Cluttering is sometimes confused with stuttering. Both communication disorders break the normal flow of speech. However, while stuttering is most often analyzed as a speech disorder, cluttering is a language disorder. In other words, a stutterer has a coherent pattern of thoughts, but can't say it; in contrast, a clutterer has no problem putting thoughts into words, but those thoughts become disorganized during speaking. Cluttering not only affects speech, but affects thought patterns, writing, typing, and conversation[3].

Stutterers are usually dysfluent on initial sounds, when beginning to speak, and become more fluent towards the ends of utterances. In contrast, clutterers are most clear at the start of utterances, but their speaking rate increases and intelligibility decreases towards the end of utterances.

Stuttering is characterized by struggle behavior, such as overtense speech production muscles. Cluttering, in contrast, is effortless.

Cluttering is also characterized by slurred speech, especially dropped or distorted /r/ and /l/ sounds; and monotone speech that starts loud and trails off into a murmur.

Clutterers often also have reading and writing disorders, especially sprawling, disorderly handwriting, which poorly integrate ideas and space.[4] A clutterer described the feeling associated with a clutter as:

“ It feels like 1) about twenty thoughts explode on my mind all at once, and I need to express them all, 2) that when I'm trying to make a point, that I just remembered something that I was supposed to say, so the person can understand, and I need to interrupt myself to say something that I should have said before, and 3) that I need to constantly revise the sentences that I'm working on, to get it out right.[5] ”

Another wrote:

“ I don't even realise that I'm speaking above the normal speaking pace and when someone tells me that I am, I'm really surprised. I can understand what I'm saying and in my mind it is fairly steady and slow, but the people I am speaking to don't appear to share the same opinion as me and I am continually asked to slow down and repeat myself at a pace they can understand. ”

Another clutterer wrote on an Internet support group:

“ I just seem to rush through the words, and often slur words together and/or mumble—and as a result I often have to slow down, concentrate, and repeat myself. ”
“ I add words into my sentences; as an example, 'like', mostly when I'm explaining something or trying to tell someone what I did yesterday. It's getting really annoying and I can't help it. When I try not to say 'like', I just stop and I can't physically speak. ”

Related disorders

Cluttering can often be confused with language delay, language disorder, learning disabilities, and attention deficit disorder[6]. People with ADD or ADHD may have many of the same symptoms as clutterers, including being inattentive, restless, short tempered, and impatient.

Treatment

Because clutterers have poor awareness of their disorder, they may be indifferent or even hostile to speech-language pathologists. Delayed auditory feedback (DAF) is usually used to produce a more deliberate, exaggerated oral-motor response pattern. Other treatment components include improving narrative structure with story-telling picture books, turn-taking practice, pausing practice, and language therapy.

History

Battaros was a legendary Libyan king who spoke quickly and in a disorderly fashion. Others who spoke as he did were said to suffer from battarismus.[7] This is the earliest record of the speech disorder of cluttering.

In the 1960s, cluttering was called tachyphemia, a word derived from the Greek for "fast speech." This word is currently not used to describe cluttering because fast speech is not a required element of cluttering.

Deso Weiss described cluttering as the outward manifestation of a "central language imbalance." In Weiss's book on cluttering, he used Central Language Imbalance or CLI as synonymous with what cluttering is described as today.[8]

Over the past twenty years, Kenneth O. St. Louis, Lawrence J. Raphael, Florence L. Myers, and Klaas Bakker have been working to standardize a definition of cluttering. Judith Kuster maintains a robust section of cluttering resources and articles in her Stuttering Homepage[9].

The first conference held specifically on cluttering was held in May 2007[10] in Razlog, Bulgaria. It was called, "The First World Conference on Cluttering," and had over 60 participants from across North America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia[11]. It was held in Bulgaria partly because of cluttering research efforts by Professors Dobrinka Georgieva and Katya Dionissieva of Neofit Rilski[12]. Part of the conference was awarding the first Deso Weiss Award for Excellence in Cluttering, which went to Kenneth St. Louis for his contributions for understanding and knowledge about cluttering[13].

Cluttering researchers

Cluttering research is still in its infancy. Cluttering research peaked and faded away in the 1960s, but interest in cluttering research has drastically increased and there are numerous books on cluttering that are currently being written. Because of this renewed interest in cluttering, the current cluttering researchers are pioneers in this speech disorder. Most of the cluttering researchers were stuttering researchers who studied cluttering as a secondary behavior, however there are a few dedicated cluttering researchers. The most notable of the cluttering researchers are:

Famous clutterers

Weiss claimed that Battaros, Demosthenes, Pericles, Justinian, Otto von Bismarck, and Winston Churchill were clutterers. He says about these people, "Each of these contributors to world history viewed his world holistically, and was not deflected by exaggerated attention to small details. Perhaps then, they excelled because of, rather than in spite of, their [cluttering]." [14] The animated character Porky Pig, who has often been described as a stutterer, has a style of speech similar to cluttering in some ways.

See also

References

  1. ^ Daly, David A.; Burnett, Michelle L. (1999). Curlee, Richard F.. ed. Stuttering and Related Disorders of Fluency. New York: Thieme. p. 222. ISBN 0-86577-764-0. 
  2. ^ St. Louis, K. O., Myers, F. L., Bakker, K., & Raphael, L. J. (2007). Understanding and treating cluttering. In E. G. Conture & R. F. Curlee (Eds.) Stuttering and related disorders of fluency, 3rd ed. (pp. 297-325). NY: Thieme.
  3. ^ When speech is too cluttered - British Stammering Association
  4. ^ Fluency Disorders: Stuttering vs Cluttering
  5. ^ Reyes-Alami, C.. "Interview with a Person who Clutters". http://www.mnsu.edu/comdis/kuster/cluttering/camil.html. Retrieved 2006-01-01. 
  6. ^ Daly, David A.; Burnett, Michelle L. (1999). Curlee, Richard F.. ed. Stuttering and Related Disorders of Fluency. New York: Thieme. p. 233. ISBN 0-86577-764-0. 
  7. ^ Weiss, Deso (1964). Cluttering. Foundations of Speech Pathology. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.. p. 1. LC 64-25326. 
  8. ^ Weiss, Deso (1964). Cluttering. Foundations of Speech Pathology. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.. p. 20. LC 64-25326. 
  9. ^ Judith Kuster. "Other related fluency disorders". http://www.mnsu.edu/comdis/kuster/related.html. Retrieved 2007-03-28. 
  10. ^ "First World Conference on Cluttering". http://associations.missouristate.edu/ficc/. Retrieved 2007-03-28. 
  11. ^ News and Information Services - WVU Today » Press Release
  12. ^ myers
  13. ^ Office Hours
  14. ^ Weiss, Deso (1964). Cluttering. Foundations of Speech Pathology. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.. p. 58. OL2931. LC 64-25326. 

Sources

  • St. Louis, K. O., Raphael, L. J., Myers, F. L., & Bakker, K. (2003, Nov. 18). Cluttering updated. The ASHA Leader, pp. 4–5, 20-22.
  • Studies in Tachyphemia, An Investigation of Cluttering and General Language Disability. Speech Rehabilitation Institute. New York, 1963.
  • Daly, D. A. (1996). The source for stuttering and cluttering. East Moline, IL: LinguiSystems.
  • Myers, F. and K. St. Louis, (1992) Cluttering: A Clinical Perspective, Leicester, England: Far Communications

External links


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Cluttering — Clutter Clut ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cluttered}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Cluttering}.] To crowd together in disorder; to fill or cover with things in disorder; to throw into disorder; to disarrange; as, to clutter a room. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Cluttering (disambiguation) — Cluttering may refer to the following: Cluttering, the speech disorder that sounds like stuttering Cluttered speech, which is disorganized, hurried speech, which sounds like the speech of someone with the disorder but occurs in people without… …   Wikipedia

  • cluttering — 1. noun A speech disorder characterized by fast, jerky, or irregular speech, which often sounds like stuttering. 2. verb An instance of cluttered speech …   Wiktionary

  • cluttering — A speech disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by abnormally rapid rate, disturbed fluency, erratic rhythm, and poor articulation that makes it difficult to understand the speaker. * * * clut·ter·ing klət ə riŋ n a speech defect… …   Medical dictionary

  • cluttering — clut·ter || klÊŒtÉ™ n. mess, disorder v. strew or scatter things in a disorderly fashion, disarrange, make a mess; fill a space in a disorganized manner …   English contemporary dictionary

  • cluttering — noun ( s) : a speech defect in which phonetic units are dropped, condensed, or otherwise distorted as a result of overly rapid agitated utterance …   Useful english dictionary

  • Речь Хаотичная (Cluttering) — рассеянная, неритмичная манера говорить отрывистыми краткими вспышками. Это может затруднять понимание речи человека, поэтому часто в этом случае оказывается полезной помощь логопеда. В отличие от заикания, в данном случае не возникает повторов… …   Медицинские термины

  • РЕЧЬ ХАОТИЧНАЯ — (cluttering) рассеянная, неритмичная манера говорить отрывистыми краткими вспышками. Это может затруднять понимание речи человека, поэтому часто в этом случае оказывается полезной помощь логопеда. В отличие от заикания, в данном случае не… …   Толковый словарь по медицине

  • Cluttered speech — is a common term for speech that becomes broken down, cluttered, or unintelligible due to a variety of reasons. Cluttered speech is often described as hurried, nervous, broken down, stuttering, stammering, and cluttering. Cluttered speech happens …   Wikipedia

  • speech disorder — n. any conspicuous speech imperfection, or variation from accepted speech patterns, caused either by a physical defect in the speech organs or by a mental disorder, as aphasia, stuttering, etc. * * * ▪ medicine Introduction       any of the… …   Universalium

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