Czech presidential election, 2008

Czech presidential election, 2008
Czech Republic

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Elections of the President of the Czech Republic by the Parliament of the Czech Republic were held on Friday 8 February and Saturday 9 February 2008,[1] to select a successor to incumbent Václav Klaus' for a five-year term beginning on 7 March 2008. The candidates standing for election were Klaus and University of Michigan Professor Jan Švejnar.[2]

When no winner emerged on the first ballot, another ballot was held on 15 February 2008, barely re-electing Klaus to a second term. The election was marked by party splits and post-Cold War rancor, Germany's Deutsche Welle reported.[3] He signed his presidential pledge with a platinum-plated pen allegedly worth up to 1 million koruna (about US$61,300). A Czech company had donated the pen, one of a limited edition of 10, to Klaus,[4] who promised he would exercise his powers cautiously and conservatively during his second term.[5]

Contents

The electoral process

Main article: President of the Czech Republic #Electoral procedure

Each ballot can be composed of three rounds with gradually relaxing requirements for election.[6][7] The differences of the 2008 election against the earlier ones were:

  1. Compared to 2003, the balance of power between both chambers switched: Klaus's party had an absolute majority in the Senate, cemented by pro-Klaus senators from smaller parties.[8]
  2. For the first time there were only two candidates, so no elimination between first and second round.
  3. Due to absences of MPs, the quorum for election was decreased 140.[9]

In the 2008 election, the President came of the 3rd round of the second election, in 2003 it took one election more.

Political environment of the 2008 election

Klaus was nominated for the second term by the 122 MPs and senators belonging to his Civic Democratic Party on 28 November 2007. Jan Švejnar, a US-based economist originally from the Czech Republic, stated he would announce in early December whether he will run against Klaus, with the support of former president Václav Havel, the Czech Social Democratic Party and the Green Party, as well as the caucuses of Association of Independent Lists (SNK) and the Open Democracy in the Senate of the Czech Republic which unite independent and liberal Senators from a range of small parties. The Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia was considering supporting him, as well. Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party (KDU–ČSL) were unable to unite on a candidate, and remained undecided even after holding talks with Klaus, but they support (together with the ČSSD and the Green Party) a constitutional amendment to have direct presidential elections instead (though such an amendment would only apply from the next election in 2013 onwards). Most analysts assumed that Klaus would win re-election.

The KSČM was to decide on 7 December 2007 whether to support Švejnar, and the ČSSD required substantial cross-party support by 8 December 2007 to turn their conditional support for him into definite support. However, the KSČM interrupted the discussions supporting Švejnar on 7 December 2007, wanting reassurances from the ČSSD that they would indeed support Švejnar, fearing that their support for Švejnar might be moot if the ČSSD was not united on this. Both Klaus and Švejnar are vied for the support of the KDU–ČSL.[10] Švejnar announced on 8 December 2007 that his bid was still alive and that he would decide whether to run in the coming week, depending on the level of support from major parties. On 11 December 2007 the press stated that he had acquired the support of five analysts and experts to assist him in his bid for the presidency. Švejnar himself announced that he would decide on whether he'd run only in the week afterwards, as political parties were still holding talks to decide on whether to support him.

The KSČM has stated that they have set five conditions necessary for them to support a candidate in the election, and that both of the candidates fulfil some of the conditions; however, they stated that Švejnar should renounce his US citizenship.[11] Švejnar later stated he would renounce his US citizenship if elected.[12]

The ČSSD announced their official support for Švejnar on 15 December 2007.[13]

As the president is elected by an absolute majority of MPs and senators, Klaus only needs 19 votes from other parties to win re-election.[14] In a mid-December public opinion poll, Švejnar gained in popularity and was tied with Klaus.[15]

While it was not considered certain whether Švejnar even wanted to run, a serious and emotional debate over who contributed more to the economic reforms at the start of the 1990s between Klaus and Švejnar was read by analysts as a sign that Švejnar did indeed want to run for the office.[10] By 12 December 2007, he had gathered the necessary ten signatures from MPs or senators required to run for president; among the lawmakers nominating him were Senate deputy chairman Petr Pithart from KDU–ČSL, head of the ČSSD senators' group Alena Gajdušková and Soňa Paukertová, head of the Caucus of Open Democracy in the Senate.

Švejnar proposed a public debate with Klaus, but Klaus rejected on the grounds that Klaus did not need the publicity and that it would only help Švejnar; the ČSSD strongly criticised Klaus' decision. According to polls, 43% prefer Klaus as president, while 28% would prefer Švejnar and 29% are undecided.[16]

The former foreign minister Jiří Dienstbier had also been suggested by some Social Democrats and Communists as a possible anti-Klaus candidate.

ČSSD reportedly considering different options to ensure that none of their MPs vote for Klaus against the party line: to have an open ballot, to have voting done by two MPs at a time or to have the MPs make photos with their mobile phones as proof of their vote.[17]

Former president Václav Havel officially announced his support for Švejnar on 1 January 2008.[18]

There are rumours that KDU–ČSL are offering full support to Klaus in exchange for Jiří Čunek becoming a government minister again. Foreign minister Karel Schwarzenberg has unequivocally stated he will resign if Čunek enters the government again after his resignation in late 2007, and the Greens have also stated they are against this.[19]

KSČM is almost certain to support Švejnar in the first round, to ensure that Klaus is not the only candidate who passes to the second round, but it has not officially decided on whom to support in later rounds.[20]

According to polls from early January 2008, in a direct election Švejnar would beat Klaus with 52% to 48%.[21] Polls from late January 2008 saw Švejnar increase his lead to 55% against Klaus' 45%.[22]

According to questions asked by the newspaper Mladá fronta Dnes, Klaus and Švejnar differ mostly on two points: Švejnar is in favor of introducing the Euro as quickly as possible and in favor of introducing direct presidential elections, while Klaus is against both.[23] Both candidates also differ in the views on the economic transformation of the country after the Velvet Revolution and on the environmental issues. Klaus believes global warming is a hype, when Švejnar insists it is a dangerous threat to our planet.

All parties except for ODS agreed that the vote should be held publicly by acclamation (which they have the majority to decide in the lower house), threatening a blocking of the third round of the joint sitting can not agree on the election method in the third round.[24] More than two thirds of Czechs favor public elections.[25]

Candidates and party support

KSČM was not fully decided whether to support Švejnar or not, while about half of the 26 deputies and 3 senators favored Klaus and Švejnar.

Three well-known Czech political analysts rated the chances of Klaus and Švejnar at 60–40, 70–30 and 95-5, respectively.[26]

Voting

Joint session of the Parliament of the Czech Republic electing the President.

First attempt (8–9 February)

The joint session started on 8 February 2008 on 10:00 local time.[27] As predicted, a lengthy debate on the election method delayed the election, but it was agreed after six hours of debate to have an open balloting.[28] After two rounds of election, the session was adjourned at 21:00 as previously agreed and the election was postponed to 9 February 2008. The results for the second vote held on 8 February were not announced, but it is assumed that no candidate had the required majority of votes.[29] They were then announced on 9 February 2008.[30]

Prior to the third round of the elections, three lawmakers left the joint session due to health issues: ČSSD deputy Evžen Snítilý and KDU-ČSL senators Josef Kalbáč and Karel Barták.[31] Snítilý was thought to be in favour of Švejnar but supported Klaus in the second election of 15 February and was later expelled from the Social Democrat group, while both Kalbáč and Barták were in favour of Klaus. The third round also failed to produce a winner; the Communists abstained instead of voting for Švejnar, but Klaus fell one vote short of a majority of 140 of the 278 lawmakers present.[32]

Round Václav Klaus Jan Švejnar
Deputies Senators Deputies Senators
1st 92 47 106 32
139 138
2nd 94 48 104 31
142 135
3rd 92 47 81 32
139 113

Second attempt (15 February)

The date for the second election was set to 15 February 2008. The second election also allows for the three rounds, with the same rules as the first election and both present candidates will be running. In the second election, communist party KSČM proposed an additional candidate – MEP and former TV anchorwoman Jana Bobošíková. She is known as an outspoken critic of the EU and of the planned US missile shield in Poland and the Czech Republic.[33]

Two independent senators who had voted for Klaus, Liana Janáčková and Jana Juřenčáková, stated they had been threatened, and the ČSSD senator Evžen Snítilý who left the session in the third round of the first attempt, stated he wanted to leave the party (an was soon expelled). Reportedly, Snítilý suffered from threats and blackmail over his StB past.

The three nominees were Švejnar, Klaus and Bobošíková. Bobošíková was nominated by 17 KSČM deputies, but the Communists stated they would be inclined to support Švejnar under certain conditions.[34][35]

Klaus' chances to be reelected were boosted when Snítilý announced he would vote for Klaus prior to the session.[36] Surprisingly, in his address on 15 February 2008 before the joint session of parliament, Klaus stated he supported holding the presidential elections as public ballots and not as secret ballots as he demanded before.[37] Klaus also delivered a significantly more nationalistic and euroskeptical speech than the week previously. This was taken as an indication that he knew he had the votes to win and no longer needed to moderate his feelings.

Bobošíková withdrew her candidacy shortly after the debate and before the first round of voting citing a lack of support for her, boosting Švejnar's chances.[38] The Communists then announced they would employ the same tactic as in the first attempt: They will support Švejnar in the first and second rounds, but abstain in the third round, thus trying to make the second attempt at electing a president a failure, as well.[39]

After more debate on the method of voting, the ODS accepted holding the vote with public ballots again.[40] Green MP Olga Zubová was absent from the session due to a surgical intervention she had some time ago.[41]

In the first round of voting, Klaus received 141 votes, just enough for his reelection in the third round.[42] The second round saw similar results, but also a drop in support for Švejnar by the Communists.[43] Prior to the third round, it was reported that Minister for Human Rights and Minorities Džamila Stehlíková from the Greens was at the missing MP Zubová's residence, likely trying to get her to show up for the third round to improve Švejnar's chances.[44]

In the third round Klaus was re-elected as President of the Czech Republic.

In his acceptance speech Klaus talked of wanting to be 'President of all Czechs' and his staff spend the following days trying to convey the idea of a nation happy with the outcome. In reality, the fact that his re-election depended on 3 Social Democrats who left their party in deeply suspicious circumstances has thrown a large cloud over what he had hoped would be more a coronation than a re-election.

Round Václav Klaus Jan Švejnar Jana Bobošíková
Deputies Senators Deputies Senators
1st 93 48 104 32 retracted candidacy
141 136
2nd 93 48 94 32
141 126
3rd 93 48
141 111

References

  1. ^ "Czech presidential election to start on February 8 – Europe". 2008. http://news.monstersandcritics.com/europe/news/article_1379371.php. Retrieved 20 February 2008. 
  2. ^ "U-M professor Svejnar still in running for Czech presidency", Ann Arbor News quoting AP, September 2008. Accessed: 19 July 2008.
  3. ^ "Czech Presidential Election Highlights Resilient Grudges", Deutsche Welle, May 2008 (English).Accessed: 19 July 2008.
  4. ^ "Czech president to sign second term oath with million crown pen", Radio Prague, May 2008, (English). Accessed: 19 July 2008.
  5. ^ "Václav Klaus promises "conservative" use of presidential power in second term", Rob Cameron for Radio Prague, July 2008, (English) .Accessed: 19 July 2008.
  6. ^ Czech Republic – Constitution, Article 58
  7. ^ Boruda, Ondřej: Presidential Election 2008, The Prague Post 6 February 2008
  8. ^ "Klaus likely to beat Svejnar in Czech presidential contest". ČeskéNoviny.cz. 2008. http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/index_view.php?id=287113. Retrieved 20 February 2008. 
  9. ^ Janicek, Karel: U-M prof loses bid for president of Czech Republic. The Associated Press 15 February 2008
  10. ^ a b MfD: Klaus, Švejnar argue over historical role, Prague Daily Monitor 5 December 2007
  11. ^ "Communists want Švejnar to give up US citizenship". Prague Daily Monitor. 20. September 2007. Archived from the original on 23 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071223145505/http://www.praguemonitor.com/en/238/czech_politics/16258/. Retrieved 20 February 2008. 
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  14. ^ "Czech lawmakers nominate Klaus for second presidential term". EUbusiness.com. Archived from the original on 13 February 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080213045348/http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1196260324.18. Retrieved 20 March 2008. 
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  22. ^ "Svejnar widening his lead in popularity among Czechs – poll". ČeskéNoviny.cz. http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/index_view.php?id=294022. Retrieved 20 February 2008. 
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  24. ^ "Czech Communists to push for public presidential election". ČeskéNoviny.cz. 7 February 2008. http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/index_view.php?id=295605. Retrieved 9 October 2009. 
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  26. ^ "Experts say Klaus' chance bigger week ahead of presidential poll". ČeskéNoviny.cz. http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/index_view.php?id=294364. Retrieved 20 February 2008. 
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  29. ^ "Trend News : Czech lawmakers postpone vote on new president". 9 February 2008. http://news.trendaz.com/index.shtml?show=news&newsid=1131116. Retrieved 28 March 2008. [dead link]
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  32. ^ Xinhua: Czech lawmakers fail to elect new president
  33. ^ "Czech Communists name EU parliament deputy as presidential candidate". International Herald Tribune. 2008. http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/02/12/europe/EU-POL-Czech-Presidential-Elections.php. Retrieved 20 February 2008. 
  34. ^ "Czech MEP sees her chance of being elected president as small – ČeskéNoviny.cz". 2008. http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/index_view.php?id=296670. Retrieved 20 February 2008. 
  35. ^ "Czech Communists have three conditions for supporting Svejnar". ČeskéNoviny.cz. 2008. http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/index_view.php?id=296569. Retrieved 20 February 2008. 
  36. ^ "Klaus's election chances grow, Czech MP Snítilý will support him – ČeskéNoviny.cz". 2008. http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/index_view.php?id=296996. Retrieved 20 February 2008. 
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  38. ^ "Bobosikova withdraws Czech presidential candidacy". ČeskéNoviny.cz. 2008. http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/index_view.php?id=297082. Retrieved 20 February 2008. 
  39. ^ "Czech Communists seek three-round presidential election". ČeskéNoviny.cz. 2008. http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/index_view.php?id=297094. Retrieved 20 February 2008. 
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  41. ^ "Communists, Social Democrats at odds over Czech presidential election". ČeskéNoviny.cz. 2008. http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/index_view.php?id=297113. Retrieved 20 February 2008. 
  42. ^ "MPs do not pick president in first round, Klaus, Svejnar advance – ČeskéNoviny.cz". 2008. http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/index_view.php?id=297121. Retrieved 20 February 2008. 
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  44. ^ "Czech Greens minister leaves for ill deputy Zubova". ČeskéNoviny.cz. 2008. http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/index_view.php?id=297136. Retrieved 20 February 2008. 

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