Giovanni Dandolo

Giovanni Dandolo was the 48th Doge of Venice, elected in 1280, died in 1289. During his reign the first Venetian gold ducat was introduced into circulation.

Family

Dandolo came from a prominent Venetian family that provided three other doges to Venice: Giovanni's great-grandfather Enrico Dandolo, Francesco Dandolo and Andrea Dandolo. Two women from the Dandalo family married doges: Giovanna Dandolo with Pasqual Malipiero and Zilia Dandolo with Lorenzo Priuli.

Life

Before his election as doge, Dandolo occupied various public positions including Podestà of Bologna and Padua, and commander of the Venetian naval units. The news of his election to doge reached him while he was fighting in a military action against Istria and Trieste, which expanded into an open war in the following year, also involving Venice's perennial enemy, the Patriarchate of Grado and the Papal States. More armed clashes followed, and continued for the duration of Dandolo's reign as doge.

After Dandolo signed the peace Treaty of Ravenna with Ancona, a new military theater opened through the revolt in Crete led by the Greek Alexios Kalergis and backed by the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII, Venice's rival for the domination of the eastern Mediterranean. These conflicts forced the Republic of Venice to negotiate peace agreements with Charles of Anjou and Philip of France, concluding an alliance with the former in the Treaty of Orvieto.

During Dandolo's reign as doge, relations with the Vatican were tense. Venice had refused to join the Papal States in a punitive action against Sicily, provoking Pope Martin IV to excommunicate Venice, which was later repealed in 1285 by Martin's successor, Pope Honorius IV. In 1287 unrest flared up again in Istria, this time provoked by the OttomansFact|date=March 2008, and spread to Friuli. The war widened after the intervention of the German Emperor Rudolf I, who was allied with the Patriarchate of Grado, and Venice had to sue for peace.

In 1284, the first Venetian gold ducat, later called the "Zecchino", was introduced into circulation. The ducat would be used until the end of the Venetian Republic, poured with the same weight (3.56 grams, 24-carat, 0.997 grams of lead). The coin was valid in all states with which Venice traded. The name ducat comes from the inscription on the coin's back: "Sit tibi Christe datus quem tu regis iste ducatus", which frames a picture of Christ. The front of each coin showed the ruling doges on their knees in front of the city's patron saint, Mark the Evangelist.

Dandolo was buried in San Zanipolo. The tomb was not preserved, only a stone slab with an inscription commemorates the doge.

References

*Helmut Dumler: "Venedig und die Dogen." Düsseldorf 2001.