Semi-syllabary

A semi-syllabary is a writing system that behaves partly as an alphabet and partly as a syllabary. The term has traditionally been extended to abugidas, but for the purposes of this article it will be restricted to scripts where some letters are alphabetic and others are syllabic.

Iberian semi-syllabaries

The Paleohispanic semi-syllabaries are a family of scripts developed in the Iberian Peninsula at least from the 5th century BCE — possibly from the 7th century. Some researchers conclude that their origin lies solely with the Phoenician alphabet, while others believe the Greek alphabet also had a role. Paleohispanic semi-syllabaries are typologically unusual because their syllabic and alphabetic components are equilibrated: they behave as a syllabary for the stop consonants and as an alphabet for other consonants and vowels. In the syllabic portions of the scripts, each stop-consonant sign stood for a different combination of consonant and vowel, so that the written form of "ga" displayed no resemblance to "ge". In addition, the southern original format did not distinguish voicing in these stops, so that "ga" stood for both /ga/ and /ka/, but one variant of the northeastern Iberian script, the older one according the archaeological contexts, distinguished voicing in the stop consonants by adding a stroke to the glyphs for the alveolar (/d/~/t/) and velar (/g/~/k/) syllables. The Tartessian or Southwestern script had a special behaviour: although the letter used to write a stop consonant was determined by the following vowel, the following vowel was also written. Some scholars treat Tartessian as a redundant semi-syllabary, others treat it as a redundant alphabet.

* Tartessian or Southwestern script — Tartessian or Southwestern language
* Southeastern Iberian script — Iberian language
* Northeastern Iberian script — Iberian language
* Celtiberian script — Celtiberian language

Other semi-syllabaries

Other scripts combine attributes of alphabet and syllabary. One of these is zhuyin, a phonetic script devised for transcribing certain spoken Chinese varieties. Zhuyin is not divided into consonants and vowels, but into onsets and rimes. Initial consonants and "medials" are alphabetic, but the nucleus and coda are combined as in syllabaries. That is, a syllable like "kan" is written "k-an," and "kwan" is written "k-w-an;" the vowel is not written distinct from a final consonant. Pahawh Hmong is somewhat similar, but the rime is written before the initial; there are two letters for each rime, depending on which tone diacritic is used; and the rime /āu/ and the initial /k/ are not written except in disambiguation.

Old Persian cuneiform was somewhat similar to the Tartessian script, in that some consonant letters were unique to a particular vowel, some were partially conflated, and some simple consonants, but all vowels were written regardless of whether or not they were redundant.

Further reading

* Correa, José Antonio (2005): [http://www.dpz.es/ifc2/publi/fichapublic.asp?recid=2622 «Del alfabeto fenicio al semisilabario paleohispánico»] , "Palaeohispanica" 5, pp.137-154.
* Ferrer i Jané, Joan (2005): [http://www.dpz.es/ifc2/publi/fichapublic.asp?recid=2622 «Novetats sobre el sistema dual de diferenciació gràfica de les oclusives sordes i sonores»] , "Palaeohispanica" 5, pp. 957-982.
* Rodríguez Ramos, Jesús (2000): [http://ddd.uab.es/pub/faventia/02107570v22n1p21.pdf «La lectura de las inscripciones sudlusitano-tartesias»] , "Faventia" 22/1, pp. 21-48.

External links

* [http://www.webpersonal.net/jrr/index.htm Iberian Epigraphy - Jesús Rodríguez Ramos]