Eledoisin

Eledoisin

Eledoisin is an undecapeptide of mollusk origin, it is a member of the tachykinin family of neuropeptides. It has a molecular formula of C54H85N13O15S and a molecular weight of 1188.4.1

It was first isolated from the posterior salivary glands of two mollusk species Eledone muschata and Eledone aldovandi which belong to the octopod order of Cephalopoda (De Marco & Gatti).2

Other tachykinins from nonmammalian sources include kassinin and physalaemin. The mammalian tachykinins substance P, NKA, and NKB have similar effects as tachykinins of nonmammals and have been more widely studied and characterized. These peptides exhibit a wide and complex spectrum of pharmacological and physiological activities such as vasodilation, hypertension, and stimulation of extravascular smooth muscle.2

Eledoisin has the amino acid sequence pGlu-Pro-Ser-Lys-Asp-Ala-Phe-Ile-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2. Like all tachykinin peptides, Eledoisin shares the same consensus C-terminal sequence, that is, Phe-Xxx-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2. The invariant "Phe7" residue is probably required for receptor binding. "Xxx" is either an aromatic (phenylalanine, tyrosine) or a branched aliphatic (valine, isoleucine) side chain and is thought to be important in receptor selectivity. This common region, often referred to as the "message domain," is believed to be responsible for activating the receptor. The divergent N-terminal region or the "address domain" varies in amino-acid sequence and length and is believed to play a role in determining the receptor subtype specificity (Schwyzer, 1987).2

References

1. www.prospecbio.com/english/Product.aspx?Product=664&Category=11, Retrieved 05 Dec 2007
A commercial supplier of purified eledoisin

2. R. Christy Rani Grace, Indu R. Chandrashekar and Sudha M. Cowsik, Solution Structure of the Tachykinin Peptide Eledoisin, Biophysical Journal 84:655-664 (2003) (www.biophysj.org/cgi/content/full/84/1/655, Retrieved 05 Dec 2007)
(This publication has excellent general information on the eledoisin molecule.)

3. De Marco, A., and G. Gatti, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra of eledoisin and intermediate oligopeptides. Int. J. Pep. Pro. Res. 7:437–444, 1975

4. Schwyzer, R., Membrane-assisted molecular mechanism of neurokinin receptor subtype selection. EMBO J. 6:2255–2259, 1987


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  • eledoisin — noun Etymology: irregular from New Latin Eledone, from Greek eledōnē, a kind of octopus Date: 1963 a small protein C54H85N13O15S from the salivary glands of several octopuses (genus Eledone) that is a powerful vasodilator and hypotensive agent …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • eledoisin — An undecapeptide toxin that is formed in the venom gland of cephalopods of the genus Eledone and causes vasodilation and contraction of extravascular smooth muscle. * * * el·e·doi·sin .el ə dȯis ən n a small protein C54H85N13O15S from t …   Medical dictionary

  • Eledoisin — E|le|do|i|sin [nlat. Eledone moschata = Moschuskrake (Zool.).], das; s, e: aus Tintenfischen isolierbares, hypotensiv wirkendes Tachykinin aus 11 Aminosäuren …   Universal-Lexikon

  • eledoisin — n. (Medicine) small protein formed in the rear salivary glands of small octopuses that acts as a powerful vasodilator and hypotensive agent …   English contemporary dictionary

  • eledoisin — el·e·doi·sin …   English syllables

  • eledoisin — ˌelə̇ˈdȯisən noun ( s) Etymology: irregular from New Latin Eledone, genus name (from Greek eledōnē, a kind of octopus) + in : a small protein C54H85N13O15S from the salivary glands of several octopuses (genus …   Useful english dictionary

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