Alliance for the Future of Austria

Alliance for the Future of Austria
Alliance for the Future of Austria
Bündnis Zukunft Österreich
Leader Josef Bucher
Founder Jörg Haider
Founded 3 April 2005
Split from Freedom Party of Austria
Headquarters Volksgartenstraße 3/5
A-1010 Vienna
Youth wing Generation of the Future of Austria
Membership 8,000 (2011)[1]
Ideology Economic liberalism[2]
Social conservatism[3]
Soft euroscepticism
Political position Centre-right[4]
International affiliation None
European affiliation None
European Parliament Group Non-Inscrits
Official colours Orange
National Council
16 / 183
Federal Council
0 / 62
European Parliament
1 / 19
Website
www.bzoe.at
Politics of Austria
Political parties
Elections

The Alliance for the Future of Austria (German: Bündnis Zukunft Österreich), abbreviated to BZÖ, is a conservative liberal political party in Austria. The party has sixteen seats in the National Council.

The BZÖ was founded on 3 April 2005 by Jörg Haider as a moderate splinter from the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) and immediately took the FPÖ's place in coalition with the Austrian People's Party. The party won seven seats at the 2006 election, ending its involvement in government. The September 2008 election saw the BZÖ breakthrough with 21 seats, while the FPÖ's vote also increased. 13 days after the election, Haider died in a car crash; in April 2009, Josef Bucher became leader. Under Bucher's leadership, the party moved towards economic liberalism, leading to the secession of the party's Carinthia branch in December 2009.

The party under Bucher is economically liberal and socially conservative.[3] The party aims to take ground from the ÖVP by defending the middle class and free markets: supporting a flat tax, privatisation of utilities, and large reductions in both bureaucracy and the government debt. The party takes a more moderate position than the FPÖ on immigration – proposing the introduction of a 'Green card' – and is soft eurosceptic. Unlike the FPÖ, the BZÖ is notably Atlanticist: advocating abolishing conscription, ending neutrality, and joining NATO.

Contents

History

Foundation

Jörg Haider founded the BZÖ in 2005, after failing to reform the FPÖ into a more moderate party.

The BZÖ was founded as the result of considerable disagreements within the Freedom Party between Jörg Haider and the circle around Heinz-Christian Strache, Andreas Mölzer, and Ewald Stadler. The party's charter was deposited at the Federal Ministry for the Interior on April 3, 2005, as is required by Austrian law and the foundation of the party was announced by former members of the Freedom Party the following day.

On April 6, 2005, the party's charter was published in the official gazette of the Wiener Zeitung, an act which is required upon the foundation of a new party, and the initial conference took place on April 17 in Salzburg where the party's programme was agreed upon.

The BZÖ became the first party of the Second Republic to immediately join a government without taking part in an election. In the coalition with the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP), the BZÖ held the vice-chancellorship and two ministries.

The first test for the BZÖ came in a series of Landtag elections in October 2005. In the elections to the Styrian state parliament on October 2, 2005, the BZÖ only obtained a 1.7% share of votes and clearly failed to enter the Landtag, while the FPÖ, with 4.6%, failed by a much smaller margin. The BZÖ's leading candidate was Michael Schmid, a former Austrian minister of infrastructure.

The BZÖ did not stand in the October 2005 elections in Burgenland. In the October 23 elections in Vienna, it was led by former Lower Austrian state government member Hans Jörg Schimanek. However, it captured only 1.2% of votes, while the FPÖ, led by national party chairman Heinz-Christian Strache, surprised pollsters with a share of 14.9%.

Consolidation

Peter Westenthaler with rolled-up shirt sleeves and loosened tie – giving the impression that he 'gets things done' – to coincide with the 2006 FIFA World Cup. It features slogans "Kick-off for Austria" and (at the bottom) "Desire for home", both printed in blue, which is a colour traditionally used by the FPÖ.

Since the BZÖ performed poorly in state elections it participated in shortly after its formation, many commentators believed that it would disappear after the 2006 general election. However, the party obtained 4.1% of the vote and 7 seats in the National Council in 2006. The party was led by Peter Westenthaler from June 2006 until his removal as Leader in August 2008 due to his conviction for perjury.

As the result of these developments, prominent party members who did not clearly take sides called upon leaders to mend the rift. However, since the BZÖ subsequently did not gain recognition in the electorate, it was assumed that FPÖ Chairman Heinz-Christian Strache would have been in a better position to reunite the group under his leadership.[citation needed] This changed with the general elections of September 28, 2008.

Haider formally re-assumed the party chairmanship on August 30, 2008, and was the party's candidate for Chancellor of Austria in snap general elections that took place on September 28, 2008. In those elections, the BZÖ scored a major victory taking 522,933 votes nationally translating into 10.70% of the total national vote. The party increased its representation from 7 to 21 seats in the National Council. However, 13 days after the election, Haider died in a car crash.

After Haider

After Haider's death, the party was led by a temporary leadership team.

On March 2009 elections where hold in Salzburg (the party achieved 3.7% there, failed to enter Landtag but entered some municipal) and Carinthia where the party reached 44.9% and kept the Landeshauptmann, which took place the same day.

On 26 April 2009, a party congress in Linz elected Josef Bucher as the new leader. In April 2009, Ewald Stadler became party leader of Lower Austria, Gerhard Huber party leader of the Tyrol, and Christoph Hagen party leader of Vorarlberg in May 2009.[citation needed]

In their first European Parliament election, in June 2009, the BZÖ received 4.58% of the votes. This was sufficient for Ewald Stadler to take his place as an Observer MEP.

But in autumn the party reached only 1.2% in the elections in Vorarlberg and 2.83% at the Upper Austrian state elections (where the party had high hopes because of Ursula Hauber, the sister of Haider was leading candidate) held on September 27 but failed to enter the Landtage.[5]

The BZÖ's liberal turn

A milestone of change in direction of a new party ideology happened following events of the Carinthian party members split-off from the BZÖ on the 16 December 2009. One part of the Carinthian branch left the party (as being upset about the planned new course of Bucher they had stated) and called themselves Freedomites in Carinthia now, the Carinthian BZÖ was refounded on 30 January 2010.[3][6][7] On 2 May 2010 the Alliance for the Future of Austria held a convention in Vienna, where their first Bündnisprogramm was designed and agreed upon by open ballot in unanimity. Mid 2010 there were first rumours the Young Liberals Austria (JuLiS) (which were without a mother party for one year) could cooperate with the Alliance (after their politics became most liberal then the time before), as their party leader Scherak stated there had been talks, however he negated this possibility after the media asked him because "people like Grosz and Stadler would conflict with their elementary laws". [8]

At the May 2010 election in Styria, the BZÖ achieved 2.98% with Gerald Grosz as leading candidate for the Landtag. At the October 2010 Vienna state elections, the Alliance for the Future of Austria had nominated Walter Sonnleitner as leading candidate to check the new right-wing liberal course in action and achieved 1,33% of the Viennese voters. After that, Grosz criticised that the 2.98% achieved in Styria were a triumph in comparison to the 1.33% in Vienna and that he was concerned about the next general election. Grosz, along with Peter Westenthaler and Harald Fischl, criticised the party's centre-right liberal platform, as Grosz urged the party to return to a 'Haider course', emphasising foreign policy instead of economic liberalism.[9]

On 7 January 2011 Bucher said about Grosz that he may leave anytime and Grosz later assured that they had agreed to einen "bürgerlichen Kurs rechts der Mitte" (a "middle class course right of the centre") and he carried it with fully.[10] Bucher and Grosz later really were in unity and presented a replacement of the Zivildienst (in case of an abolition of compulsory military which would also make the Zivildienst vain) they named it "Bürgerhilfe" and claimed that it would work with help of volunteers that should gain 1300 euro brutto income and tax privileges and easier entry in public service and other to make the Bürgerhilfe attractive for volunteers, on 12 January 2011.[11]

To show its freshness the Alliance changed its branding which is now an orange rectangle with the name written in white inside (the former was the Austrian flag in Swoosh-style) at a meeting on 30 January 2011 in Carinthia to celebrate the first anniversary the refounding of the host party, BZÖ Kärnten (the Carinthian BZÖ). The party also launched a new campaign "Genug gezahlt!" (paid enough!)[12] meaning that taxpayers are fed up with paying new taxes (like the million for the financial safety net for Greece).[13]

In September 2011, the party launched a campaign against EU fiscal union, quoting the Bible – "They know not what they do" (Luke 23:34) – to criticise the SPÖ, ÖVP and EU 'bosses'.[14] The party abolished the position of secretary-general on 13 September. One day later, this caused Member of Parliament Robert Lugar to leave the Alliance's caucus, as he himself stated that he didn't like the course of the party (Gerald Grosz otherwise thinks he wanted to become secretary-general, which wasn't possible since the position was abolished and said he was surprised of Lugars "hurt vanity").[15]

It also was the first time in the partys history to make use of Online advertising by using of banners (to reach more people with their campagne) and videos.

They also parodied the Three Kings in a cartoon released on Youtube (whereas the kings were representing Greece, Ireland and the banks so that Austrian villagers had to give them all their money until they were naked (criticising the present situation caused by the European Stability Mechanism and bank rescues). The spot was also shown on privately owned tv channels VOX, RTL, RTL II and Austria9.[16]

Furthermore the so-called "Bucher-Plan" was introduced which contains an immediate payment stop for bankrupt EU countries an exclusion of Greece from the EU and a whole new safe and independent Monetary Zone of strong countries consisting of Austria, Germany, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.[17]

Policies

Ideology

On 15 October 2009, the party described its political position as centre-right, expressing their more moderate stance compared with the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ). Under Joseph Bucher, the party has been economically liberal and socially conservative.[3] In October 2008, parliamentary chairman Bucher claimed that he wanted to move the party towards the centre-right ÖVP.[18] In office, Bucher announced that he wanted the party to become the Austrian version of the German Free Democratic Party, but qualified this statement, saying he didn't agree with the details of the FDP manifesto.[3]

The BZÖ describes itself as "ideologiefrei, aber zukunftsorientiert und wertebewusst" (free from ideology, but forward-looking and conscious of traditional values). From its beginning, the party's leader and programme changed very often, until Josef Bucher became the party leader. This brought the first installation of the "Bündnisprogramm" in Vienna which was accepted in open ballot vote by 600 attending members, and a political orientation described now as "rechtsliberal" (right-wing liberal).

Especially the Mittelstand, Civil and political rights, stop of compulsory membership in the State and personal Freedom are main topics the Alliance wants to focus on. The BZÖ is especially against new taxes and for more reforms.[19]

Economics

The BZÖ supports reducing the reduction of government debt, which stands at 80% of gross domestic product.[20] The party supports the privatisation of utilities and parts of the Austrian Federal Railways.[21] Bucher has proposed abolishing a regulation for each new one passed.[22] The party advocates 'radical clearing' of bureaucracy, allowing the ending of 25,000 civil service positions.[23] Bucher has proposed a 44% flat tax on earnings above €11,000, with a further allowance of €9,000 for each child,[23] citing Slovakia's 19% flat tax as a model.[24]

The BZÖ wants lower fuel tax. It announced the people's initiative "Preisstop jetzt!", calling for an immediate stop to rising prices. However, due to the necessary timeframe, the period during which people will be able to sign for the initiative will only start after the election, thus limiting its impact.[citation needed]

Social issues

The party supports the introduction of the Green card model like in the United States. This policy was introduced by Bucher in 2009 in recognition of Austria's reliance on immigration: separating it from the FPÖ.[25]

Foreign policy

The BZÖ supports an immediate end to conscription and the creation of a fully professional army, unlike the ÖVP, SPÖ, and FPÖ.[26] It also advocates Austrian accession to NATO,[27] arguing that Austria's traditional neutrality does not benefit Austria.[20]

The BZÖ is soft eurosceptic. It demanded a referendum on the Lisbon Treaty, but, unlike the FPÖ, does not advocate withdrawal from the European Union.[3] It opposes Turkish accession to the EU.

Constitution

Also there is a major differences between FPÖ and BZÖ about the future of the Austrian federal council. While the FPÖ would like to enhance it to a real "Länderkammer" and remove sliping in of its competences by the so called "Landeshauptleute-Konferenz" (conference of the Landeshauptleute) the BZÖ would rather abolish the federal council and replace its competences through the Landeshauptleutekonferenz as a step of less red tape.

Political support

The party has polled around 5–6% since early 2011,[28][29][30] having won 10% at the 2008 election. The party is particularly strong in Carinthia, where the party won 45% at the 2009 election and still polls over 10%, even after the secession of the Freedom Party in Carinthia.[13]

The party has stated that it aims to stand up for the middle class as the 'stronghold of the taxpayer' (German: Trutzburg der Steuerzahler).[13]

Organisation

State branches

Each state has a branch of the BZÖ that exists and acts semi-independently of the federal party. The state branches of the Freedom Party reacted in different ways to the creation of the BZÖ. The Freedom Party in Carinthia, which enjoyed a great deal of autonomy under that party's statutes, was the only state branch which became a part of the BZÖ en masse.[citation needed]

The Freedom Party in Upper Austria originally planned to decouple itself from the federal party and go its own way without joining the BZÖ for the time being.[citation needed] There were differing legal interpretations of what such a decoupling might entail and what the exact relationship is between the state and federal Freedom Party.[clarification needed] Consequently, on 18 April 2005, the locks on the offices of the Freedom Party in Upper Austria were changed twice in the space of one evening.[citation needed] The first change of locks was on the orders of interim federal leader Hilmar Kabas on the basis that the federal party was listed as owner in the land registry. Günther Steinkellner, the leader of the Freedom Party in Upper Austria (which considers itself independent from the federal party and does not accept Hilmar Kabas' expulsion of Steinkellner from the party) instituted legal action for criminal damage and had the locks changed again.[citation needed] In April 2006, the convention of the Freedom Party of Upper Austria decided to rejoin the federal FPÖ. Former party expulsions have been revoked.[citation needed]

The state parties split in Vienna, the Tyrol, and Styria. The leaders in these three states decided to remain a part of the FPÖ, although some members of these state groups showed sympathy towards the BZÖ. In Vienna, nine of the 21 FPÖ members in the Landtag want to form their own group Bündnis Zukunft Wien (Alliance for the Future of Vienna) with close links to the BZÖ.[citation needed] In Tyrol, both Freedom Party deputies in the Landtag crossed over to the BZÖ, whilst the state party leader Gerald Hauser continued on course with the Freedom Party and threatened to expel the two deputies from the Freedom Party.[citation needed] In Styria, three of the seven deputies joined the BZÖ.[citation needed]

These events have brought sharp criticism from Barbara Rosenkranz, leader of the Lower Austrian Freedom Party and a deputy of the National Council. Her state party remained within the Freedom Party, which is also the case with regard to Salzburg.[citation needed] The state party in Burgenland also unanimously declared they would remain within the Freedom Party.[citation needed] The Freedom Party in Vorarlberg also initially announced its intention to go its own way, but then decided a few days later to remain a part of the Freedom Party so as not to lose its official funding.[citation needed]

Sections

The BZÖ has a youth wing, called the Generation of the Future of Austria (Generation Zukunft Österreich), a pensioner's wing, called the Independent Seniors Platform (Unabhängige Seniorenplattform), a families wing, called the Family for the Future of Austria (Familie Zukunft Österreich).[31] a farmers wing called "BZÖ Bauern" and a labours wing called "BZÖ Arbeitnehmer" (at the moment in Carinthia only with Sigisbert Dolinschek as chairman)[32]

Finances

The BZÖ's financial situation remains unclear. The group will not take over any of the Freedom Party's debts, but on the other hand, it has no access to the Freedom Party's means of support.[citation needed] The parliamentary group of the Freedom Party, to which the BZÖ nominally still belongs, is entitled to an annual grant of €1,976,000. However, the state party funding still belongs to the Freedom Party as this was the party that fought the last election.[citation needed] The relatively wealthy Freedom Party state organisation in Vienna will not be transferred to the BZÖ. There has been repeated speculation that the Austrian-Canadian industrialist Frank Stronach might support the BZÖ, primarily because he enjoys good relations with Jörg Haider.[citation needed] This has been denied by Andreas Rudas, spokesman for Stronach's Magna International, and Stronach himself has made no comment on the matter. There are no other big contributors in the picture currently and the party will therefore have to support itself exclusively from membership subscriptions.[citation needed]

The party aims to be debt-free by 2012.[33]

Membership

At the initial party conference on April 17, 2005, Jörg Haider was elected leader of the Alliance. Hubert Gorbach, the Austrian Vice-Chancellor and Minister for Infrastructure was the parliamentary leader, with Heike Trammer and Karin Gastinger as his deputies.[citation needed] Uwe Scheuch, a member of the National Council and former General Secretary of the Freedom Party, is the Alliance's spokesman. The BZÖ has chosen orange as its party colour. On September 24, 2006 Karin Gastinger left the BZÖ, staying Minister of Justice.[citation needed]

Other prominent members are:

  • Social Security Minister and former Freedom Party leader Ursula Haubner (Jörg Haider's sister)
  • Thomas Prinzhorn, the Deputy President of the National Council
  • Herbert Scheibner, the leader of the Freedom Party group in the National Council

However, of the above-named politicians only Herbert Scheibner has resigned from the Freedom Party. The other intend to belong to both parties, the Freedom Party and the BZÖ.[citation needed] The Freedom Party, however, has announced that it will not accept members who belong to other parties.[citation needed] Following this announcement, on April 7, 2008, Hilmar Kabas, the Freedom Party's interim leader, expelled Jörg Haider, who had been the Freedom Party's federal leader and main ideologue for years.[citation needed] Along with Haider, Martin Strutz, the Freedom Party's leader in Carinthia, and the former parliamentary group leader Kurt Scheuch were expelled. Kabas stated that anyone who was a member of another party could no longer be a member of the Freedom Party.[citation needed]

Jörg Haider remained leader or "Bündnisobmann" of the BZÖ until his death in October 2008.

Election results

General elections

National Council of Austria
Election Votes  % of vote Seats
2006 193,539 4.1% 7
2008 522,933 10.7% 21

European Parliament elections

European Parliament
Election Votes  % of vote Seats
2009 131,261 4.6% 1

Currently Ewald Stadler is admitted as a member of the European Parliament.[34]

Leadership

Party chairmen

  • Jörg Haider (2005–2006)
  • Peter Westenthaler (2006–2008)
  • Jörg Haider (August 2008 – 11 October 2008)
  • Stefan Petzner (acting only; 12 October 2008 – 19 November 2008)
  • Herbert Scheibner (acting only; 19 November 2008 – 26 April 2009)
  • Josef Bucher (since 26 April 2009)

List of chairmen in the States of Austria

Burgenland

  • Karl Schweitzer (2006–2008)
  • Jörg Steiner (since 3 July 2008)

Carinthia

  • Jörg Haider (25 November 2005 – 11 October 2008)
  • Uwe Scheuch (15 November 2008 – 16 December 2009)
  • Josef Bucher and Stefan Petzner (Acting); since 30 January 2010

Lower Austria

  • Anton Wattaul (29 January 2006 – 18 July 2006)
  • Peter Staudigl (24 November 2007 – 11 March 2008)
  • Christine Döttelmayer (acting only; – 25 February 2009)
  • Ewald Stadler (since 3 April 2009)

Salzburg

  • Eduard Mainoni (18 March 2006 – 30 June 2007)
  • Robert Stark (since 22 November 2008)

Styria

  • Gerald Grosz (since 5 June 2005)

Tyrol

  • Hans Jörg Stock (31 March 2006 – April 2008)
  • Marina Steixner (acting only)
  • Gerhard Huber (since 19 April 2009)

Upper Austria

Vienna

  • Günther Barnet (2005 – 8 May 2007)
  • Michael Tscharnutter (since 2 June 2007)

Vorarlberg

  • Arno Eccher (March 2006 – December 2007)
  • Christoph Hagen (since 8 May 2009)

Footnotes

  1. ^ (German) "Bucher: Wir brauchen einen schlanken Staat". Kleine Zeitung. 12 August 2008. http://www.kleinezeitung.at/nachrichten/politik/2807603/bucher-brauchen-schlanken-staat.story. Retrieved 12 August 2011. 
  2. ^ "BZÖ wird bürgerlich wirtschaftsliberal". journal.at. 2 May 2010. http://www.tripple.net/contator/journal/news.asp?nnr=44194. Retrieved 15 February 2011. 
  3. ^ a b c d e f (German) "BZÖ wird "rechtsliberal"". Die Presse. 15 October 2009. http://diepresse.com/home/politik/innenpolitik/515151/BZOe-wird-rechtsliberal. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  4. ^ "No BZÖ-FPÖ cooperation in Vienna, says Sonnleitner". Austrian Times. 5 October 2010. http://www.austriantimes.at/news/General_News/2010-10-05/27269/No%20BZ%C3%96-FP%C3%96%20cooperation%20in%20Vienna,%20says%20Sonnleitner. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  5. ^ (German) "Auch mit Haubner scheitert BZÖ". Wiener Zeitung. 27 September 2009. http://www.wienerzeitung.at/dossiers/wahlen/oesterreich/232772_Auch-mit-Haubner-scheitert-BZOe.html. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  6. ^ "BZÖ Website:"Bucher for establishing of Green Card"". http://bzoe.pixelpoint.biz/integration-bzö-bucher-für-einführung-einer-green-card.html. 
  7. ^ Hochwarter, Thomas (18 January 2010). "BZÖ to stay in Carinthia despite FPK 'revolt'". Austrian Times. http://www.austriantimes.at/news/General_News/2010-01-18/19732/BZ%D6_to_stay_in_Carinthia_despite_FPK_%27revolt%27. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  8. ^ (German) Pink, Oliver (27 May 2010). "Liberales Lager: LIF will nicht mit BZÖ fusionieren". Die Presse. http://diepresse.com/home/politik/innenpolitik/569429/Liberales-Lager_LIF-will-nicht-mit-BZOe-fusionieren. Retrieved 17 October 2011. 
  9. ^ (German) Pink, Oliver (14 October 2010). "Zurück zum Haider-Kurs? Grosz mit Westenthaler gegen den Rest". Die Presse. http://diepresse.com/home/politik/innenpolitik/kulisse/602198/Zurueck-zum-HaiderKurs-Grosz-mit-Westenthaler-gegen-den-Rest. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  10. ^ (German) "Interner Zwist im BZÖ erneut ausgebrochen". Wiener Zeitung. 6 January 2011. http://www.wienerzeitung.at/nachrichten/politik/oesterreich/31088_Interner-Zwist-im-BZOe-erneut-ausgebrochen.html. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  11. ^ (German) "BZÖ: Bucher und Grosz demonstrieren große Einigkeit". Die Presse. 12 January 2011. http://diepresse.com/home/politik/innenpolitik/624768/BZOe_Bucher-und-Grosz-demonstrieren-grosse-Einigkeit. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  12. ^ Website of the BZÖ campaign "Genug gezahlt"(paid enough!)
  13. ^ a b c (German) "Die orange "Trutzburg der Steuerzahler"". Der Standard. 30 January 2011. http://derstandard.at/1295571171757/Die-orange-Trutzburg-der-Steuerzahler. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  14. ^ (German) "BZÖ nimmt Bibelzitate als Wahlslogans". Kurier. 9 September 2011. http://kurier.at/nachrichten/4150109.php. Retrieved 16 September 2011. 
  15. ^ (German) "BZÖ-Klub verliert wieder einen Mandatar". Der Standard. 14 September 2011. http://derstandard.at/1315006313276/BZOe-Klub-verliert-wieder-einen-Mandatar. Retrieved 14 September 2011. 
  16. ^ (German) "BZÖ missbraucht Heilige Drei Könige für Kampagne". Heute. 16 September 2011. http://www.heute.at/news/politik/BZOe-missbraucht-Heilige-Drei-Koenige-fuer-Kampagne;art422,599311. Retrieved 16 September 2011. 
  17. ^ BZÖ Website "Retten wir unser Geld! Mit dem Bucher-Plan", Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  18. ^ http://www.oe24.at/zeitung/oesterreich/chronik/wien/Bucher_will_BZOe_in_OeVP-Naehe_ruecken_382933.ece
  19. ^ BZÖ is Middle class liberal economic
  20. ^ a b (German) "BZÖ drängt auf Schuldenreduzierung Österreichs". Kleine Zeitung. 9 March 2011. http://www.kleinezeitung.at/nachrichten/politik/2694859/bzoe-draengt-schuldenreduzierung-oesterreichs.story. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  21. ^ (German) "Fekter: "ÖBB kann man locker privatisieren"". Die Presse. 5 June 2011. http://diepresse.com/home/wirtschaft/economist/667797/Fekter_OeBB-kann-man-locker-privatisieren. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  22. ^ (German) ""Für jedes Gesetz sollte eines abgeschafft werden"". Der Standard. 3 June 2011. http://derstandard.at/1304553614561/Fuer-jedes-Gesetz-sollte-eines-abgeschafft-werden. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  23. ^ a b (German) "BZÖ will Flat Tax: 44 Prozent an Steuern, Abgaben". Die Presse. 30 June 2011. http://diepresse.com/home/politik/innenpolitik/673836/BZOe-will-Flat-Tax_44-Prozent-an-Steuern-Abgaben. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  24. ^ (German) "BZÖ: "Zuwanderung in den Sozialstaat" abstellen". Die Presse. 9 December 2010. http://diepresse.com/home/wirtschaft/economist/617173/BZOe_Zuwanderung-in-den-Sozialstaat-abstellen. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  25. ^ (German) "BZÖ-interner Streit über Zuwanderung". Die Presse. 24 October 2009. http://diepresse.com/home/politik/innenpolitik/517309/BZOeinterner-Streit-ueber-Zuwanderung. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  26. ^ (German) "Wehrpflicht: BZÖ-Antrag für Volksbefragung gescheitert". ORF. 9 December 2010. http://news.orf.at/stories/2037551/. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  27. ^ (German) "BZÖ gegen Wehrpflicht und für Nato-Beitritt". Die Presse. 11 March 2011. http://diepresse.com/home/politik/innenpolitik/641104/BZOe-gegen-Wehrpflicht-und-fuer-NatoBeitritt. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  28. ^ (German) "ÖVP fällt in Umfragen Richtung 20 Prozent". Kleine Zeitung. 16 April 2011. http://www.kleinezeitung.at/nachrichten/politik/2723078/printShort.do. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  29. ^ (German) "FPÖ erobert den ersten Platz, ÖVP ist Dritte". Kurier. 20 May 2011. http://kurier.at/nachrichten/2103786.php. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  30. ^ (German) "BZÖ kündigt Dauerwahlkampf an". Kleine Zeitung. 17 December 2010. http://www.kleinezeitung.at/nachrichten/politik/2600976/bzoe-kuendigt-dauerwahlkampf.story. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  31. ^ (German) "BZÖ gibt sich Familienbund". Wiener Zeitung. 28 September 2010. http://www.wienerzeitung.at/nachrichten/politik/oesterreich/36720_BZOe-gibt-sich-Familienbund.html. Retrieved 10 July 2011. 
  32. ^ (German) "BZÖ gibt sich Familienbund". Woche.at. 23 July 2010. http://www.woche.at/klagenfurt/politik/die-bzoe-arbeitnehmer-haben-sich-aktiv-an-der-protestveranstaltung-gegen-das-kabeg-gesetz-im-landhaushof-beteiligt-d9552.html. Retrieved 25 August 2011. 
  33. ^ (German) "Das umstrittene FPÖ-Erbe des BZÖ". Der Standard. 7 January 2011. http://derstandard.at/1293370211495/Das-umstrittene-FPOe-Erbe-des-BZOe. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  34. ^ (German) "Ein Schimmer Hoffnung für neue Mandatare". Wiener Zeitung. 30 November 2010. http://www.wienerzeitung.at/nachrichten/politik/europa/32874_Ein-Schimmer-Hoffnung-fuer-neue-Mandatare.html. Retrieved 10 July 2011. 

External links

Coordinates: 46°34′56.60″N 14°16′57.90″E / 46.582389°N 14.28275°E / 46.582389; 14.28275


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  • Austria history: chronology —  ♦ 5000 BCE Late Stone Age culture.  ♦ 2000 Indo Germanic settlements northwest of Vienna.  ♦ 800 Bronze Age settlements on the Vienna Hoher Markt.  ♦ 750 Hallstatt culture.  ♦ 400 Celtic culture.  ♦ 15 Roman occupation of province of Noricum.  ♦ …   Historical dictionary of Austria

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  • Austria history: Acronyms and Abbreviations — ABGB Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (General Code of Civil Law) BAWAG Bank für Arbeit und Wirtschaft (Bank for Labor and Economic Development) BZÖ Alliance for the Future of Austria (Bund für die Zukunft Österreichs) CP Christlichsoziale… …   Historical dictionary of Austria

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