Chiura Obata

Chiura Obata (小圃 千浦, Obata Chiura^?, Nov. 18, 1885 - 1975) was a well-known Japanese-American artist. He came to the United States in 1903, at age 17. After initially working as an illustrator and commercial decorator, he had a successful career as a painter, following a 1927 summer spent in the Sierra Nevada, and was a faculty member in the Art Department at the University of California at Berkeley from 1932 to 1953, interrupted by World War II, when he spent over a year in internment camps. After his retirement, he continued to paint and to lead group tours to Japan to see gardens and art.

Early life

Obata was born in 1885 in Okayama prefecture in Japan.^[1] He was the youngest of a very large family. At the age of five, he showed a natural inclination for drawing. He was then adopted by his older brother, Rokuichi,^[1] who was himself an artist. At the age of seven he began his formal training by a master painter in the art of sumi-e, Japanese ink and brush painting.^[1][2]

At the age of 14, Obata ran away from home to avoid being put into military school. In Tokyo, he became apprenticed to the painter Tanryo Murata for three years.^[1] He also studied with Kogyo Terasaki and Goho Hasimoto. He was trained in Western as well as Japanese art, painting throughout his life with the Western influence.^[1] Shortly after he finished his apprenticeship, he received a very prestigious art award in Tokyo.^[1]

Early career

In 1903, Obata came to the United States, arriving initially in Seattle, planning to study American art before continuing to Paris to study European art.^[2] When he got to San Francisco, he found work as a domestic servant in a household, with the pay of $1.50 per week plus room and board.^[1] He was one of the founders of the Fuji Club, the first Japanese-American baseball team on the mainland in America. In 1906, Obata made on-site sketches of the aftermath of San Francisco earthquake. In 1909 he worked in the hops fields in the Sacramento Valley.^[1]

Eventually, Obata was able to earn his living in California as an illustrator for different newspapers, including San Francisco's two Japanese newspapers, The New World and the Japanese American, and as a commercial designer.^[3] As a designer he decorated the famous Oriental rooms for Gump's department store and did similar work for the Emporium and City of Paris department stores. He designed "Jewel Rooms" for the G. T. Mars Co. and one in the Hotel Ambassador. He made five large murals for the Toyo Kisen Kaisha Steamship Co. and for the Iwata Dry Goods Co.^[4]

From 1915-1917 Obata was an illustrator and cover page designer for the magazine Japan, published for the Toyo Kisen Kaisha Steamship Co., during which time he turned out about 3000 illustrations and numerous cover designs.^[4]

During the 1920s, Obata spent much time painting landscapes throughout California. In 1921, he co-founded the East West Art Society in San Francisco.^[3] He spent the summer of 1927 on a sketching tour of Yosemite and the Sierra high country, producing over 100 new paintings. He had been invited on the trip by Worth Ryder, a professor of art at UC Berkeley, who had become a friend. The first exhibition Obata had for American audiences was in the following year, 1928.

Initial successes

In 1928, after his father's death, Obata returned to Japan. There he supervised the production of 35 colored woodblock prints of California landscapes for his "World Landscape Series", the majority of which are views of Yosemite National Park in California. Published in limited editions of 100 by the Takamizawa Print Works in Japan, the prints were exhibited at the Eighty-Seventh Annual Exhibition at Ueno Park in Tokyo in 1930 and his painting of Lake Basin in the High Sierra won first prize. He left Tokyo shortly thereafter.

Beginning in 1930, Obata had many very successful exhibitions in California. One, in 1931 at the California Palace of the Legion of Honor, was a large exhibit of both his work and the work of his brother, Rokuichi.^[1]

In 1932 Obata was appointed as an instructor in the Art Department at the University of California, Berkeley. Between 1930 and 1941, one-man exhibitions were held in numerous locations.

World War II

Obata and his wife Haruko ran an art supply store on Telegraph Avenue in Berkeley, from which his wife offered lessons in ikebana. The shop was the target of a gunshot after the Pearl Harbor attack in December 1941, and eventually the Obatas were forced to close it and cancel all classes.^[5]

Executive Order 9066 led to Obata organizing a large sale of his many paintings and woodblock prints. He donated the profits from the sale to a campus student fund. University President Robert Gordon Sproul, a friend of the Obatas, offered to store many of the remaining works.^[5]

In April 1942, Obata was interned at the Tanforan detention center. By May, he and fellow artists were able to create an art school that had 600 students, entirely with their own money and with donations from the outside from friends from U.C. Berkeley. The school was so successful that they were able to exhibit the artwork outside the camp in July.^[1]

In September 1942, Obata was moved to the Topaz War Relocation Center in Topaz, Utah. There Obata was the founder and Director of The Topaz Art School, which had 16 artist/instructors who taught 23 subjects to over 600 students. During his internment, Obata made about one hundred sketches and paintings.

As director of the art school, Obata had worked closely with the intern camp administration. In the spring of 1943, with tensions high at the camp because of the signing of controversial loyalty oaths, Obata was attacked one night, ending up in the camp hospital for two weeks.^[1] He was released from Topaz immediately after he left the hospital. Obata moved with his family to St. Louis, Missouri, where Gyo, one of his sons, was going to architecture school.^[1] Obata found employment there with a commercial art company.

Post-war career

In 1945, when the military exclusion ban was lifted, Obata was reinstated as an instructor at U.C. Berkeley. In 1949 he was promoted to Associate Professor of Art. In 1950, he and his wife moved out of the attic apartment of a friend, purchasing a house in the Elmwood district in Berkeley, where they had lived before the war.^[5]

His one-man shows continued, as did his sketching and painting trips in the high country, often with the Sierra Club. In 1953 he retired as Professor Emeritus from U.C. Berkeley.^[6] In 1954 he became a naturalized citizen.

Obata played a pivotal role in introducing Japanese art techniques and aesthetics to other artists in California. These techniques and aesthetics became one of the distinctive characteristics of the California Watercolor School.^[3]

After retirement

In 1954, Chiura and Haruko Obata led the first of the "Obata Tours" to Japan, to see Japanese gardens and Japanese art.^[2] From 1955 to 1970, Obata traveled throughout California, giving lectures and demonstrations on Japanese brush painting, and leading tours. In 1965 he received the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 5th Class, Emperor's Award, for promoting good will and cultural understanding between the United States and Japan. He died in 1975, aged 90.

Posthumous exhibitions of Obata's works have been organized at the Oakland Museum, The Smithsonian Institution,^[7] and, in 2000, at the M. H. de Young Memorial Museum in San Francisco, a retrospective of 100 ink and brush paintings, large scrolls and color woodblock prints.^[3] In 2007 there was an exhibit in Yosemite National Park.^[8] The museum collection at Yosemite National Park contains several Obata prints of the park. The Smithsonian American Art Museum organized an exhibition of Obata's Yosemite woodblock prints, which was shown at the American Art Museum in Washington, DC in early 2008 and then traveled to the Wichita Falls Museum, Wichita, TX (2008) and Federal Hall National Memorial, National Park Service, in New York, NY (2009).

Personal life

In 1912, Obata married Haruko Kohashi (1892-1989).^[2] She was one of the first teachers of ikebana in the San Francisco Bay Area. She had an exhibition of her arrangements in 1913 at San Francisco’s 75th Diamond Jubilee Celebration, and in 1915 she exhibited at the Panama Pacific Exposition, beginning a career as a teacher of that art.^[2] Their first child, a daughter, was named Fujiko. Their second child, a son, was named Kim; the third, also a son, was named Gyo. Their last was a daughter, Yuri. Haruko's last public demonstration was in Golden Gate Park when she was 93 years old.^[1] Their son Gyo Obata became a famous architect, one of the founding partners of the global architecture-engineering giant HOK.

Publications

• From the Sierra to the Sea (1937)
• The Seasons at California (1939) (color reproductions of paintings on silk, prepared for publication by the editorial staff of California Monthly
• Sumie (1967)
• Through Japan with Brush & Ink (1968) (in Japanese)

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m} Slide show and lecture by Kimi Kodani Hill, retrieved December 19, 2007
2. ^ ^{a b c d e} "Renovation of the Japanese Pool", University of California Botanical Garden newsletter, Winter 1998", article by Kimi Kodani Hill
3. ^ ^{a b c d} "Great Nature: The Transcendent Landscapes of Chiura Obata", exhibit, September 23, 2000 - December 31, 2000, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, retrieved December 19, 2007
4. ^ ^{a b} "Noted Japanese Has Long Career in Art, Education Fields", Berkeley Daily Gazette, May 21, 1953
5. ^ ^{a b c} Burl Willes, "Artist Chiura Obata and His Time in the Elmwood Neighborhood", Berkeley Voice, December 22, 2000
6. ^ "Prof. Chiura Obata Soon to Retire From Faculty of UC", Berkeley Daily Gazette, May 21, 1953
7. ^ http://americanart.si.edu/press/press_kits/obata/obata_key_images.pdf
8. ^ "Chiura Obata Exhibit to Open in Yosemite National Park", U.S. National Park service, June 6, 2007, retrieved December 19, 2007

Further reading

• Obata's Yosemite: The Art and Letters of Chiura Obata from His Trip to the High Sierra in 1927, edited by Janice Tolhurst Driesbach and Susan Landauer (1993), ISBN 978-0939666676
• Topaz Moon: Chiura Obata's Art of the Internment, Kimi Kodani Hill (2000), ISBN 1-8901771-26-0
• The New Wave - Twentieth Century Japanese Prints from the Robert O. Muller Collection, Amy Reigle Stephens, Bamboo Publishing Ltd. London, ISBN 1-870076-19-2

External links

• "Chiura Obata". DiscoverNikkei.org. http://www.discovernikkei.org/wiki/Chiura_Obata. Retrieved November 12, 2011. 
• The Great Nature of Chiura Obata Macromedia Flash presentation
• Sierra Nevada virtual museum

Persondata
Name	Obata, Chiura
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1885
Place of birth
Date of death	1975
Place of death