Tiber Island

The Tiber Island ( _it. Isola Tiberina, Latin: "Insula Tiberina"), is a boat-shaped island which has long been associated with healing. It is an ait, and the only island in the Tiber river which runs through Rome. The island is located in the southern bend of the Tiber, in Rome, Italy. It is approximately 270 m. long and 67 m. wide.

History

The island has been linked to the rest of Rome by two bridges since antiquity, and was once called "Insula Inter-Duos-Pontes" which means "the island between the two bridges". The Ponte Fabricio, the only original bridge in Rome, connects the island from the northeast to the Field of Mars in the rione Sant'Angelo (left bank). The Ponte Cestio, of which only some original parts survived, connects the island to Trastevere on the south (right bank).

There is a legend which says that after the fall of the hated tyrant Tarquinius Superbus (510 BC), the angry Romans threw his body into the Tiber. His body then settled onto the bottom where dirt and silt accumulated around it and eventually formed Tiber Island. Another version of the legend says that the people gathered up the wheat and grain of their despised ruler and threw it into the Tiber, where it eventually became the foundation of the island.

In ancient times, before Christianity spread through Rome, Tiber Island was avoided because of the negative stories associated with it. Only the worst criminals and the contagiously ill were condemned there. This however changed when a temple was built on the island.

Temple of Aesculapius

Tiber Island was once the location of an ancient temple to Aesculapius, the Greek god of medicine and healing.

Accounts say that in 293 BC, there was a great plague in Rome. Upon consulting the Sibyl, the Roman Senate was instructed to build a temple to Aesculapius, the Greek god of healing, and sent a delegation to Epidauros to obtain a statue of the deity. The delegation went on board a ship to sail out and obtain a statue. Following their magical belief system, they obtained a snake from a temple and put in on board their ship. It immediately curled itself around the ship's mast and this was deemed as a good sign by them. Upon their return up the Tiber river, the snake slithered off the ship and swam onto the island. They believed that this was a sign from Aesculapius, a sign which meant that he wanted his temple to be built on that island.

This location may have been chosen for the Aesculapius Temple because it was separate from the rest of the city, which could help protect whoever was there from plague and illnesses.

The island eventually became so identified with the temple it supported that it was modeled to resemble a ship as a reminder of how it came to be. Travertine facing was added in mid or late first century by the banks to resemble a ship's prow and stern, and an obelisk was erected in the middle, symbolizing the vessel's mast. Walls were put around the island, and it came to resemble a Roman ship. Faint vestiges of Aesculapius' caduceus with an entwining snake is still visible on the "prow".

After the Temple of Aesculapius, shrines dedicated to other deities were also erected after the 2nd century BC, namely:
* Jupiter Jurarius ("guarantor of oaths")
* Semo Sancus Dius Fidius, also a witnesser of oath
* Gaia, yet another witnesser of oath
* Faunus, boundary deity
* Veiovis, god of healing
* Tiberinus, river god
* Bellona, war goddess

In time, Catholics removed the obelisk and replaced it with a cross-topped column. After it was destroyed in 1867, Pope Pius IX had an aedicula, called "Spire", put in its place. This monument, designed by Ignazio Giacometti, is decorated with the statues of the four saints related to the island: St. Bartholomew, St. Paulinus of Nola, St. Francis and St. John. Parts of the obelisk are now in the museum in Naples.

In 998 Emperor Otto III had a new basilica, that of San Bartolomeo all'Isola, built over the Aesculapius temple's ruins on the eastern side (downstream end) of the island. Claridge, Amanda (1998). "Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide". Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.] This was dedicated to his friend, the martyr Adalbert of Prague, the name of St. Bartholomew was added only later. In the early 20th century, prior to the Fascist regime's restoration of ancient place names, the Tiber Island was called the isola di S. Bartolomeo. [cite web |author=Bill Thayer |url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Insula_Tiberina.html#noteA |title= Annotation to "A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome")] Likewise, for a time, Cestius' Bridge was called the Ponte S. Bartolomeo.

Although the Aesculapius temple now lies deep under San Bartolomeo, the island is still considered to be a place of healing because a hospital, founded in 1584, was built on the island and is still operating. It is staffed by the Hospitaller Order of St. John of God or "Fatebenefratelli". [ [http://www.oh-fbf.it/Objects/Pagina.asp?ID=640 Official Website of the Fatebenefratelli (Order of the Brothers of St. John of God)] ] The hospital was not built on the same spot as the temple, but stands on the western half of the island.

Festivals

During summer, the island hosts the "Isola del Cinema" film festival [http://www.estateromana.comune.roma.it/manifestazionidetail.asp?mode=m&id_manifestazioni=6653 Isola del Cinema - Estate Romana 2007] . Comune di Roma.] .

References

External links

* [http://www.isolatiberina.it Isola Tiberina] English and Italian: history, maps and images
* [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Insula_Tiberina.html LacusCurtius • Rome — Tiber Island (Platner & Ashby, 1929)]
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=rome&ll=41.890397,12.477583&spn=0.006890,0.010060&t=k&hl=en Satellite image of the island]