Curtiss Fledgling

Model 48, Model 51, and N2C Fledgling
A Curtiss N2C-2 at the National Museum of Naval Aviation
Role	Trainer
Manufacturer	Curtiss
Designer	Theodore Paul Wright
First flight	1927
Primary user	United States Navy, Curtiss Flying Service
Number built	ca. 160
Variants	Curtiss Lark, Curtiss Carrier Pigeon

For the later aircraft of the same name, see Curtiss AT-9

The Curtiss Fledgling, known internally to Curtiss as the Model 48 and Model 51 was a trainer aircraft developed for the United States Navy in the late 1920s and known in that service as the N2C. It was designed in response to a 1927 Navy requirement for a new primary trainer, and was selected after evaluation in competition with fourteen other submissions. The Fledgling was conventional biplane design with two-bay, staggered wings of equal span braced with N-struts. The pilot and instructor sat in tandem, open cockpits, and the fixed tailskid undercarriage could be easily swapped for a large central pontoon and outrigger floats under the wings for seaplane training. The Navy ordered two batches of the Fledgling, each powered by different versions of the Wright Whirlwind engine, both of which were built under the Curtiss designation Model 48.

Believing the design to have commercial potential, Curtiss developed the Model 51 as a civil equivalent powered by the less powerful Curtiss Challenger engine. The company operated 109 of these aircraft in its own air-taxi service, the Curtiss Flying Service during the 1930s. A number of these aircraft were experimentally fitted with the same Wright engines used in their military counterparts as the J-1 and J-2, but these were not produced in quantity. Another experimental variant, the reduced-wingspan Fledgling Junior was produced to the extent of a single prototype only. A number of Model 51s were exported to foreign military services for evaluation: four to Canada and one to Czechoslovakia, but these did not lead to any purchases. Curtiss also delivered at least seven N2C-1 kits to Turkey in 1933, as part of an agreement to produce the Curtiss Hawk Model 35 under licence in Turkey. These N2C-1s were used as trainers and liaison aircraft by the Turkish Air Force until 1945. At least one N2C-1 is thought to have been given to Iran as a gift of the Turkish Air Force.

Variants

An N2C-2 target drone, in 1938/39.

• Model 48
  • XN2C-1 - Navy prototypes (3 built)
  • N2C-1 - Navy version powered by Wright Whirlwind J-5 (31 built)
  • N2C-2 - Navy version powered by Wright Whirlwind J-6-7 (20 built)
• Model 51
  • Fledgling - commercial version with Curtiss Challenger engine (109 built)
  • J-1 - commercial version with Wright Whirlwind J-6-5 engine (4 converted)
  • J-2 - commercial version with Wright Whirlwind J-6-7 engine built to N2C-2 standard (2 converted)
  • Fledgling Junior - reduced wingspan version (1 built)
• A-3 - designation assigned by the USAAF for use of the Fledgling as a radio-controlled target aircraft

Operators

 Brazil

 Canada

• Four aircraft.

 Colombia

• Colombian Air Force

 Czechoslovakia

• One aircraft only.

 Iran

• Imperial Iranian Air Force

 Turkey

• Turkish Air Force

 United States

• Curtiss Flying Service
• United States Navy
• United States Army

Specifications (N2C-1)

General characteristics

• Crew: Two, pilot and instructor
• Length: 27 ft 4 in (8.33 m)
• Wingspan: 39 ft 2 in (11.93 m)
• Height: 10 ft 4 in (3.15 m)
• Wing area: 365 ft² (33.9 m²)
• Empty weight: 2,135 lb (968 kg)
• Gross weight: 2,832 lb (1,285 kg)
• Powerplant: 1 × Wright R-790-8, 220 hp (164 kW)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 109 mph (175 km/h)
• Range: 366 miles (589 km)
• Service ceiling: 15,100 ft (4,600 m)
• Rate of climb: 965 ft/min (4.9 m/s)

Survivors

• Museu Aeroespacial in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

See also

References

• Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. pp. 282. 
• World Aircraft Information Files. London: Bright Star Publishing. pp. File 891 Sheet 49.