Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken

Caroline
Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt
Portrait of Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken
Spouse	Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Issue
Caroline, Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg Frederika Louisa, Queen of Prussia Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse Amelie, Hereditary Princess of Baden Wilhelmina Louisa, Grand Duchess of Russia Luise, Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach Landgrave Frederick Landgrave Christian
House	House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken House of Hesse-Darmstadt
Father	Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
Mother	Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken
Born	9 March 1721 Strasbourg
Died	30 March 1774 (aged 53 years) Darmstadt

Caroline of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken (Henriette Caroline Christiane Louise; 9 March 1721 – 30 March 1774) was wife of the Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt and one of the most learned women of her time.

Biography

Henriette Caroline was the daughter of Christian III, Duke of Zweibrücken and his wife Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken.

She married on 12 August 1741 in Zweibrücken, Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. The marriage was arranged and unhappy: Caroline was interested in music and literature, while her consort was interested in military matters, and she lived separated from him at Buchsweiler. She founded a factory to ease the states economy. In 1772, she promoted the politician Karl Friedrich von Moser.

Caroline was better known as The Great Landgräfin, a name given to her by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. She was befriended to several writers and philosophers of her time, such as Johann Gottfried Herder, Christoph Martin Wieland and Goethe. Wieland wished he had the power to make her Queen of Europa. She also had contact with Frederick II of Prussia, and she was one of the few women that the Alte Fritz respected. He called her once the Glory and Wonder of our century and after her death he sent to Darmstadt an urn with the text femina sexo, ingenio vir (A woman by sex, a man by spirit), which can still be seen today. Through her daughter she is an ancestor to the royal house of Prussia, Germany and the Netherlands.

Issue

Name	Portrait	Birth	Death	Notes
Caroline		1746	1821	Married Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
Frederika Louisa Queen of Prussia		16 October 1751	25 February 1805	Married in 1769 Frederick William II of Prussia, had issue.
Louis I Grand Duke of Hesse		14 June 1753	6 April 1830	Married in 1799 Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt, had issue
Amalie Hereditary Princess of Baden		20 June 1754	21 June 1832	Married in 1775 Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden, had issue
Wilhelmina Louisa Grand Duchess Natalia Alexeievna of Russia		25 June 1755	15 April 1776	Married in 1773 the future Emperor Paul I of Russia, no surviving issue
Louisa Augusta Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach		30 January 1757	14 February 1830	Married in 1775 Charles Augustus of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, had issue
Frederick		1759	1802
Christian Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt		25 November 1763	17 April 1830	Died unmarried

Ancestry

Sources

• This page is a translation of its German equivalent.

Literature

• Marita A. Panzer: Die Große Landgräfin Caroline von Hessen-Darmstadt, Verlag Friedrich Pustet Regensburg, 2005

External links

• Karoline Henriette Christine Pfalzgräfin von Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld at thepeerage.com
• Wikisource: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie "Karoline Landgräfin von Hessen-Darmstadt" (in German)

Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken Cadet branch of the House of Wittelsbach Born: 9 March 1721 Died: 30 March 1774
German royalty
Vacant Title last held by Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach	Landgravine consort of Hesse-Darmstadt 17 October 1768 - 30 March 1774	Vacant Title next held by Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt

Persondata
Name	Caroline Of Zweibrücken, Countess Palatine
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	9 March 1721
Place of birth	Strassburg
Date of death	30 March 1774
Place of death	Darmstadt