ELECTRE

ELECTRE is a family of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis methods that originated in Europe in the mid-1960's. The acronym ELECTRE stands for: ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité (ELimination and Choice Expressing REality).

The method was first proposed by Bernard Roy and his colleagues at SEMA consultancy company. A team at SEMA was working on the concrete, multiple criteria, real-world problem of how firms could decide on new activities and had encountered problems using a weighted sum technique. Bernard Roy was called in as a consultant and the group devised the ELECTRE method. As it was first applied in 1965, the ELECTRE method was to choose the best action(s) from a given set of actions, but it was soon applied to three main problems: choosing, ranking and sorting. The method became more widely known when a paper by B. Roy appeared in a French operations research journal. [ cite journal|title=Classement et choix en présence de points de vue multiples (la méthode ELECTRE) |journal=la Revue d'Informatique et de Recherche Opérationelle (RIRO)|date=1968|first=Bernard|last=Roy|coauthors=|volume=|issue=8|pages=57–75|id= |url=|format=|accessdate=2008-02-03 ] It evolved into ELECTRE I ("electre one") and the evolutions have continued with ELECTRE II, ELECTRE III, ELECTRE IV, ELECTRE IS and ELECTRE TRI ("electre tree"), to mention a few. [cite book | last = Figueira | first = José | authorlink = | coauthors = Salvatore Greco, Matthias Ehrgott | title = Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis: State of the Art Surveys | publisher = Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. | date = 2005 | location = New York, | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = ISBN 0-387-23081-5 ]

Bernard Roy is widely recognized as the father of the ELECTRE method, which was one of the earliest approaches in what is sometimes known as the French School of decision making. It is usually classified as an "outranking method" of decision making.

There are two main parts to an ELECTRE application: first, the construction of one or several outranking relations, which aims at comparing in a comprehensive way each pair of actions; second, an exploitation procedure that elaborates on the recommendations obtained in the first phase. The nature of the recommendation depends on the problem being addressed: choosing, ranking or sorting.

Criteria in ELECTRE methods have two distinct sets of parameters: the importance coefficients and the veto thresholds.

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