The Swallow's Tail

Infobox Painting|

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backcolor=#FBF5DF
painting_alignment=right
image_size=300px
title=The Swallow's Tail — Series on Catastrophes
artist=Salvador Dalí
year=1983
type=Oil on canvas
height=73
width=92.2
height_inch=28.74
width_inch =36.30
diameter_cm =
diameter_inch =
city=Figueres
museum=Dalí Theatre and Museum

"The Swallow's Tail — Series on Catastrophes" (French: "La queue d'aronde — Série des catastrophes") was the last painting of Salvador Dalí, done in May 1983. It is the final work in a series based on René Thom's catastrophe theory.

Thom suggested that in four-dimensional phenomena, there are seven possible equilibrium surfaces and therefore seven possible discontinuities, or "elementary catastrophes": fold, cusp, swallowtail, butterfly, hyperbolic umbilic, elliptic umbilic, and parabolic umbilic. [Thom, René, Structural stability and morphogenesis. an outline of a general theory of models, (D.H.Fowler, trans.) (Reading, Mass. London. Benjamin. 1975). Originally published in French as Stabilité structurelle et morphogénèse, 1972.] "The shape of Dalí’s Swallow’s Tail is taken directly from Thom’s 4-dimensional graph of the same title, combined with a second catastrophe graph, the s-curve that Thom dubbed, "the cusp". Thom’s model is presented alongside the elegant curves of a cello and the instrument’s f-holes, which, especially as they lack the small pointed side-cuts of a traditional f-hole, equally connote the mathematical symbol for an integral in calculus: $int\_\{\}^\{\}$ ." [King, Elliott in Dawn Ades (ed.), Dalí (Milan: Bompiani Arte, 2004), 418-421.]

In his 1979 speech, "Gala, Velázquez and the Golden Fleece", presented upon his 1979 induction into the prestigious Académie des Beaux-Arts of the Institut de France, Dalí described Thom’s theory of catastrophes as ‘the most beautiful aesthetic theory in the world’. [Dalí, Salvador, ‘Gala, Velásquez and the Golden Fleece’ (9 May 1979). Reproduced in-part in Robert Descharnes, Dalí, the Work, the Man (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1984) 420. Originally published in French as Dalí, l'oeuvre et l'homme (Lausanne: Edita, 1984).] He also recollected his first and only meeting with René Thom, at which Thom purportedly told Dalí that he was studying tectonic plates; this provoked Dalí to question Thom about the railway station at Perpignan, France, which the artist had declared in the 1960s as the centre of the universe. Thom reportedly replied, "I can assure you that Spain pivoted precisely — not in the area of — but exactly there where the Railway Station in Perpignan stands today". Dalí was immediately enraptured by Thom’s statement, influencing his painting Topological Abduction of Europe — Homage to René Thom, the lower left corner of which features Thom’s equation for the ‘swallow’s tail’, $V\; =\; x^5\; +\; ax^3\; +\; bx^2\; +\; cx,$ an illustration of the graph, and the term ‘queue d'aronde’. The seismic fracture that transverses Topological Abduction of Europe reappears in The Swallow’s Tail at the precise point where the y-axis of the swallow’s tail graph intersects with the S-curve of the cusp. [King, E., 418-421.]

References