Petit appartement du roi

Infobox|
title =


caption =
Plan of the "petit appartement du roi" ca. 1693

headerstyle = background:#ccf;
labelstyle = background:#ddf;

header1= Key to the plan of the "petit appartement du roi"|
label2=1
data2=Salon du billard (cabinet des chiens)
label3= 2
data3= Salon du degré du roi
label4= 3
data4= Degré du roi
label5= 4
data5= Cabinet aux tableaux
label6= 5
data6= Cabinet des Coquilles (cabinet des livres)
label7= 6
data7= Salon ovale
label8= 7
data8= Premier salon de la petite galerie
label9= 8
data9= Petite galerie
label10= 9
data10= Deuxième salon de la petite galerie
label11= 10
data11= Cabinet des Médailles
label12=11
data12=Escalier des ambassadeurs
label13=12
data13=Cour du roi
label14= A-F
data14= Grand appartement du roi
label15= a-d
data15= a) cabinet de perruques; b) garde robe; c) staircase; d) passage to the Salon of ApolloInfobox|
title =


caption =
Plan of the "petit appartement du roi" ca. 1740

headerstyle = background:#ccf;
labelstyle = background:#ddf;

header1= Key to the plan of the "petit appartement du roi"|
label2=1
data2=Degré du roi
label3= 2
data3= Antichambre des chiens
label4= 3
data4= Salon des pendules
label5= 4
data5= chambre de Louis XV
label6= 5
data6= Cabinet intérieur
label7= 6
data7= Salon ovale
label8= 7
data8= Cabinet des livres; cabinet en niche
label9= 8
data9= Petite galerie
label10= 9
data10= Cabinet des médailles
label11= 10
data11= Escalier des ambassadeurs
label12=I
data12=Cour des cerfs (cour du roi)
label13=II
data13=Cour intérieur
label14= A-F
data14= Grand appartement du roi
label15= a-h
data15= a) cabinet de perruques; b) cabinet particulier du roi; c) cabinet de la chaise; d) staircase; e) cabinet-doré; f) corridor; g) salle des bains; h) salle des cuvesInfobox|
title =


caption =
Plan of the "petit appartement du roi" ca. 1760

headerstyle = background:#ccf;
labelstyle = background:#ddf;

header1= Key to the plan of the "petit appartement du roi"|
label2=1; 1a
data2=Chambre de Louis XV; 1a garde-robe
label3= 2
data3= Salon de la pendule
label4= 3
data4= Antichambre des chiens
label5= 4
data5= Degré du roi
label6= 5
data6= Salle à manger aux retours de chasses
label7= 6
data7= Pièce des buffets
label8= 7
data8= Cabinet intérieur
label9= 8
data9= Arrière cabinet
label10= 9
data10= Appartement de Madame Adéliëde
label11= A-F
data11= Grand appartement du roi
label12=I
data12=Cour des cerfs
label13=II
data13=Cour intérieur
label14= a-h
data14= a) Salon du conseil; b) cabinet de la tour; c) cabinet de la chaise; d) staircase; e) cabinet-doré; f) corridor; g) degré de l’Epernon; h) terraceInfobox|
title =


caption =
Plan of the "petit appartement du roi" ca. 1789

headerstyle = background:#ccf;
labelstyle = background:#ddf;

header1= Key to the plan of the "petit appartement du roi"|
label2=1; 1a
data2=Chambre de Louis XV; garde-robe
label3= 2
data3= Salon de la pendule
label4= 3
data4= Antichambre des chiens
label5= 4
data5= Degré du roi
label6= 5
data6= Salle à manger aux retours de chasses
label7= 6
data7= Pièce des buffets
label8= 7
data8= Cabinet intérieur
label9= 8
data9= Cabinet des dépêches
label10= 9
data10= Pièce de la vaiselle d’or
label11=10
data11= Cabinet de la cassette
label12=11
data12=Bibliothèque de Louis XVI
label13=12
data13=Salle à manger aux salles neuves
label14=13
data14= Pièce des buffets
label15= 14
data15= Cabinet des jeux
label16=I
data16=Cour des cerfs
label17=II
data17=Cour intérieur
label18=III
data18=Cave du roi
label19=a-f
data19=a) Salon du conseil; b) cabinet des bains; c) staircase; d) cabinet de la chaise; e) cabinet de la géographie; f) bibliothèque et cabinet de l’artillerie; g) terrace
label20=A-F
data20=Grand appartement du roiThe "petit appartement du roi" of the Palace of Versailles is a suite of rooms used by Louis XIV, Louis XV, and Louis XVI. Located on the first floor of the palace, the rooms are found in the oldest part of the palace dating from the reign of Louis XIII. Under Louis XIV, these rooms housed the king’s collections of artworks and book, forming a museum of sorts. Under Louis XV and Louis XVI, the rooms were modified to accommodate private living quarters. At this time, the rooms were transformed and their decoration represent some of the finest extant examples of the "style Louis XV" and "style Louis XVI" at Versailles (Kimball, 1943).

Louis XIV

Beginning in 1678, Louis XIV began to modify these rooms for his particular private needs. The configuration of the rooms dating from the time of Louis XIII was modified. The most significant alteration for this era was the relocation of the "degré du roi" from the exterior "cour de marbre" to the interior "cour du roi". This relocation of the staircase precipitated the rearrangement of rooms in this part of the château to become the "petit appartement du roi". In 1684, as the influence of Louis’ mistress – Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan – waned due to her alleged involvement in the Affair of the Poisons, the king attached her rooms to his "petit appartement" after the marquise moved into the "appartement des bains" on the ground floor of the palace (Le Guillou, 1986; Verlet 1985, pp. 227-228).

In Louis XIV's day, these rooms – "cabinets de curiosités" – formed a veritable museum for the king’s private collections. In contrast to the "grand appartement du roi" and the "appartement du roi", which were open to members of the court and the general pubic, the "petit appartement du roi" was only accessible though the personal consent of the king (Bluche, 1991).

Located on the first floor on the northern side of the "cour de marbre", the "petit appartement du roi" was comprised of nine rooms:

* "Salle du billard" ("cabinet des chiens")
* "Salon du degré du roi"
* "Cabinet aux tableaux"
* "Cabinet des Coquilles" (later "cabinet des livres")
* "Salon ovale"
* "Premier salon de la petite galerie"
* "Petite galerie"
* "Deuxième salon de la petite galerie"
* "Cabinet des Médailles"

The "salle du billard" (1693 plan #1) contained a billiard table, a game at which Louis XIV was adept. Additionally, the king kept several of his hunting dogs in this room so that he could care for them personally, which gave rise to the room’s other name: "cabinet des chiens" (Verlet 1985, p. 227).

The "salon du degré du roi" (1693 plan #2) occupies the site of a staircase dating from the time of Louis XIII. By 1684 (Dangeau), a new staircase – the "degré du roi" (1693 plan #3) – had been constructed just north of the old staircase in the "cour du roi". The "salon du degré du roi" served as entrance to the staircase that was reserved for the Louis XIV's personal use. The decoration of this room was given over almost exclusively to paintings by Nicolas Poussin (Félibien, 66; Piganiole de la Force, 126)

The "cabinet aux tableaux" (1693 plan #4) with its southern exposure served as a Pinacotheca for part of Louis XIV's collection of paintings. Among the masters displayed in the room were the works from the Italian schools by Correggio, Raphael, Giorgione, Giulio Romano and Titian. Additionally, there were cabinets arranged in the room in which Louis XIV kept his collection of carved rock crystal (Brijon de Lavergnée, 1985; Félibien, 67; Piganiole de la Force, 129; Verlet 1985, p. 229).

In 1692, the "cabinet des coquilles" (1693 plan #5) and the "salon ovale" (1693 plan #6) were created. These rooms, along with "cabinet des médailles" formed the main rooms of the Louis XIV's "cabinets de curiosités". In addition to some of the most highly prized paintings of the royal collection, the "salon ovale" housed in four niches four bronze sculptural groups – “Jupiter” and “Juno” by Allesandro Algardi; the “Abduction of Orethyia” after the marble by Gaspard Marsy, and the “Abduction of Persephone” by François Girardon – that were esteemed as some of the finest of this genre in the king’s collection. [The later two sculptures were modeled after marble sculptures from the grande commande.] The richness of the decoration – fully gilt paneling and mirrors – complemented the arrangement of some of the most valuable paintings in Louis XIV's collection (Félibien, 67; Piganiole de la Force, 129; Verlet 1985, p. 229). The "cabinet des coquilles" originally housed some a portion of the king’s gem collection. In 1708, the room was converted into a library – "cabinet aux livres" – in which Louis XIV kept his collection of rare books and manuscripts (Verlet 1985, p. 230).

The following rooms – "premier salon de la petite galerie", "petite galerie", and "deuxième salon de la petite galerie" (1693 plan #7, 8, & 9) – were formed from rooms that the marquise de Montespan occupied before she moved to the "appartement des bains" in 1684 (Dangeau vol. 1 77-78; Verlet 1985, p. 232). As with the previous rooms, the "petite galerie" and its two salons housed precious gems and paintings that the king had either inherited or collected. In the years that preceded the War of the League of Augsburg, Louis XIV engaged in an aggressive collecting campaign that necessitated his expanding space at Versailles to display newly acquired works of art (Verlet 1985, p. 229). Pierre Mignard, Charles Le Brun’s archrival was charged with the painting of the ceilings of the "petite galerie" and its two salons (Félibien, 68; Piganiole de la Force, 140; Verlet 1985, p. 233).

In the "petite galerie" and its two salons, Louis XIV displayed many of the most valued painting in his collection. The "petite galerie" was given almost entirely to works by Italian masters with the works by Francesco Albani, Annibale Carracci, Guido Reni and Parmigianino predominating (Piganiole de la Force, 141-149; Verlet 1985, p. 234). The "petite galerie" also housed the collection of gifts Louis XIV received from foreign embassies; most notable among these diplomatic offerings were the gifts from the Chinese Jesuit, Shen Fu-Tsung (1684), which included an enormous pearl, and the gifts from the Siamese Embassy of 1685-1686 (Josephson, 283). The "premier salon de la petite galerie" is of particular importance as it was in this room that Louis XIV kept the painting described by Piganiole de la Force as “Le Portrait de Life, femme d’un Florentin nommé Giaconde,” better known in English as "The Mona Lisa" (Piganiole de la Force, 137).

Louis XIV lavished much attention to these rooms intending to have the walls clad with panels inlayed with tortoise shell and lapis-lazuli. However, owing to the financial demands of the War of the League of Augsburg, the plans were abandoned. Nevertheless, the "petite gallerie" and its two salons were used by Louis XIV for entertaining foreign dignitaries, such as the Crown Prince of Denmark in 1693 and the Elector of Cologne in 1706 (Verlet 1985, p. 233-234).

Of all the rooms that formed the "petit apartment du roi" during the reign of Louis XIV, the "cabinet des médailles" (1693 plan #10) was one of the most remarkable of its sort ever assembled in France (Hulftegger, 1954). Taking its name from the 12 cabinets in which Louis XIV's numismatic collections were kept, the "cabinet des medailles" also housed the king’s collections of miniatures by Flemish, Dutch, and German masters, objects of carved porphyry and carved jade, as well as those rare items made of silver or gold (Verlet 1985, p. 230-232). Forming part of Louis XIV's collection of items made of gold was the treasure of the Merovingian king, Childeric I found in Tournai in 1653 and presented to Louis XIV by the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I in 1665 (Cochet, 1859) and the gold and jewel encrusted nef, which was used by Louis XIV when he dined "au grand couvert". [Félibien describes the nef as "de tout d’or du poids de cent cinquant marcs" "all gold weighing 150 marks" (approximately 34 kilograms) (Félibien, 116-117; Saule, 2005).]

Louis XV – 1740

After the return of the king and court to Versailles in 1722, life assumed a rhythm similar to that under Louis XIV. The young Louis XV occupied his great-grandfather’s bedroom, the "chambre de Louis XIV", where the ceremonies of the daily "lever" and "coucher" were executed with the same exacting precision as during the reign of the Sun King. However, owing to the discomfort of the room in winter – its size and eastern exposure made it difficult, if not impossible, to heat – Louis XV was compelled to establish his bedroom elsewhere (Verlet 313-314). In 1738, Louis XV ordered a new bedroom – "chambre de Louis XV" (1740 plan #4) – constructed on the site of Louis XIV's "salon du billard", which was enlarged to the north into the "cour du roi" to accommodate an alcove for the bed (Verlet 1985, p. 444-447). In the same year, the "degré du roi" was demolished and a new staircase was built just north of the old location. A new room was constructed on the site formerly occupied by the "degré du roi" of Louis XIV, the "antichambre des chiens" (Verlet 1985, p. 442). As with his great-grandfather in his "cabinet des chiens", Louis XV kept some of his hunting dogs in this room.

Further modifications of the "petit appartement du roi" at this time included the creation of the "salon des pendules" and the "cabinet intérieur". These rooms were created when the "salon du degré du roi" and the "cabinet aux tableaux" of Louis XIV were destroyed (Le Guillou, 1985).

The "salon des pendules" (1740 plan #3) (also called the "salon ovale" due to its elliptic shape) was given this name due to the dials arranged in the apsidal recess of the eastern wall that showed the times of the rising and setting of the sun and the moon (Verlet 1985, p. 450).

The "cabinet intérieur" (1740 plan #4) served a number of purposes: it housed part of Louis XV numismatic collection and collection of miniature paintings; it served as a dining room; and, it served as a workroom. Of all the rooms of the "petit appartement du roi" during the reign of Louis XV, this was perhaps one of the most richly decorated and opulently appointed (Verlet 1985, p. 452). [This room was also known as the "cabinet des tableaux"]

The "cabinet des livres", "salon ovale" of Louis XIV, the "peite galerie" with its two salons, and the "cabinet des médailles" were retained (1740 plan #6, 7, 8, & 9).

By 1740, the "petit appartement du roi" had expanded to such an extent into the "cour du roi" that the eastern part of this courtyard became a separate courtyard. This new courtyards was called the "cour intérieur du roi" (1740 plan II) and the "cour du roi" was renamed "cour des cerfs". This new name was due to the two dozen sculpted deer heads that Louis XV ordered placed on the walls of the courtyard (Verlet 1985, p. 457).

Louis XV – 1760

The modifications of the late 1750s of the "petit appartement du roi" were in response to a general reorganization of the apartments in the "corps de logis" of the château and the destruction of the escalier des ambassadeurs (1740 plan #10). [The escalier des ambassadeurs – the ceremonial entry to the grand appartement du roi – was destroyed in 1752 on grounds that the maintenance of the skylight that lit the stairwell was too costly.] To accommodate a new apartment for his daughter, Madame Adélaïde, Louis XV ordered the construction of rooms on the same floor as the "petit appartement du roi". This new apartment occupied space that had been the "petite galerie" and the two salons as well as new space created by the suppression of the escalier des ambassadeurs (1760 plan #9).

The most significant modifications to the "petit apartment du roi" at this time were the relocation of the "degré du roi" (1760 plan #4), the construction of the "salle à manger des retours de chasses" (1750) (1760 plan #5), and the "pièce des buffets" (1754) (1760 plan #6) (Verlet 1985, p. 473-474). The "salle à manger des retours de chasses" was built upon the site of Louis XV’s bath (1740 plan g) when the king wanted a dining on the first floor in which he could entertain a small group of friends, most frequently after hunting (Bluche, 2000; Marie, 1984). The decoration of the "salle à manger des retours de chasses" incorporated paneling and decorative elements from the "salon du billard" of Louis XIV (Verlet 1985, p. 442-443).

This era during which Louis XV decorated the "petit appartement du roi" was significant in the evolution of French decorative styles of the 18th century. Many of these rooms represent some of the finest examples of the syle Louis XV. Of the rooms of the "appartement du roi", the "salon des pendules" is one of the most significant. With paneling by Jacques Verberckt, the room was furnished with chairs and table and served for gaming parties hosted by Louis XV (Verlet 1985, p. 449). However, it would the delivery of 1754 that would set this room apart from others.

In January of that year, Louis XV had brought from the château de Choisy and placed in this room the famed mechanical clock. The clock, which was designed by the engineer, Claude-Simon Passemant, clockmaker Louis Dauthiau, and set in an ormolu case by Philippe Caffieri, was a marvel of its day. Taking 12 years to complete, the clock is surmounted by a crystal sphere in which a mechanical armillary sphere – after the Copernic model – operated. The time, days of the week, months of the year (even calculating for bissextile years), and year were accurately displayed. [Louis XV, on New Year’s Eve, would sit in front of the clock to witness the changes of the various calendars. The clock is still functioning today.] On account of this clock, the room received the definitive name, "salon de la pendule" (1760 plan #2) (Kuraszewski, 1976; Verlet 1985, p. 450).

By 1760, the "cabinet intérieur" (1760 plan #7) had become to be also known as the" bureau du roi" and this room came best to represent not only the personal taste of Louis XV, but it also stands as one of the finest examples of the "style Louis XV". In 1755, the cabinetmaker Gilles Joubert delivered two corner cabinets, complementing those by Antoine-Robert Gaudreaux, which had been delivered in 1739, to house numismatic record of Louis XV’s reign (Verlet 1985, p. 452). In 1769, the mechanical roll-top desk by Jean-François Oeben was delivered (Verlet 1985, p. 454).

With the evolution of the "cabinet intérieur", Louis XV also pursued the construction of his "arrière cabinet" (1760 plan #8). In suppressing the "cabinet des livres" and the "salon ovale" of Louis XIV, Louis XV created a private room (with a small "cabinet de la chaise") that communicated directly with the "degré du roi" in which he conducted much of the day-to-day governance of France. The utilitarian décor – a simple table, chairs and rows of shelving – reflects this usage (Verlet 1985, p. 459).

Louis XVI

With the exception of reclaiming part of the apartment of Madame Adélaïde, Louis XVI chose to retain the décor of the petit appartement du roi as his grandfather had left it. [In the "cabinet intérieur" (1789 plan #7), Louis XVI covered the wall with portraits of his family, imparting curious contrast to the elaborately carved Jacques Verberckt paneling (Verlet 1985, p. 525)] The "arrière cabinet" of Louis XV was rechristened "cabinet des dépêches" (1789 plan #8); however, Louis XVI continued to use the room as day-to-day workroom as his grandfather had (Rogister, 1993).

The "pièce de la vaisselle d’or" (1789 plan #9) – originally the "premier salon de la petite galerie" – formed part of the "appartement de Madame Adélaïde". [In 1769, Louis XV reattached some of the rooms of the appartement de Madame Adélaïde to his "petit appartement". These rooms – with the exception of the "pièce de la vaisselle d’or" – were redecorated and reordered by Louis XVI (Verlet 1985, p. 474). During the time that Louis XV’s daughter lived her, it served as a music room. In this room in 1763, the young Mozart played for Louis XV and members of his family (Marie, 1984; Nolhac, 1926).] Under Louis XVI, the "pièce de la vaisselle d’or" was where the king kept his collection of rare porcelains and curiosities, many received as diplomatic gifts (Verlet 1985, p. 526)

The small room north and behind the "pièce de la vaisselle d’or" is the "cabinet de la cassette du roi" (1789 plan #10). This room was converted into a bathroom for Louis XV around 1769. Louis XVI used the room – allegedly – as a place where he could maintain his personal financial accounts (Verlet 1985, p. 526). The paneling dates from the remodeling for Louis XV; however, Louis XVI ordered a total regilding of the room in 1784 (Verlet 1985, p. 526). When Pierre de Nolhac assumed the directorship of the museum of Versailles, he discovered that this room was being used as a broom closet by the janitorial staff. This discovery was the impetus that compelled Nolhac to begin exhaustive research on the subject of the history of Versailles (Nolhac, 1937).

The "bibliothèque de Louis XVI" (1789 plan #11) located directly east of the "pièce de la vaisselle d’or" occupies the space that was the "chambre de Madame Adélaïde" (which Louis XV rechristened "salon d’assemblée" in 1769) and previously the "petite galerie". In 1774, construction on the library began with the decoration being executed by the workshop of the Rousseau brothers, who had previously worked on the paneling of the "cabinet de la cassette du roi" and on part of the sculptural decorations of the Opéra (Verlet 1985, p. 513). This room represents not only the personal taste of Louis XVI it also stands as one of the finest examples of the "style Louis XVI" decorative style.

The room located just to the east of the "bibliothèque de Louis XVI" is the "salle à manger aux salles neuves" (1789 plan #12). This room, once the "deuxième salon de la petite galerie" and once one of the rooms of Madame Adélaïde, was remodeled into a dining room for Louis XV in 1769. The paneling by Jacques Verberckt dates from the 1769 redecoration of Louis XV and the present blue upholstery, draperies, and hunting scenes by Jean-Baptiste Oudry date from 1774 when Louis XVI redecorated the room (Baulez, 1976; Verlet 1985, p. 527). The room was also known as the "salle des porcelains" on account of the annual display of the production of the Sèvres factory that was arranged in this room during Christmas ((Baulez, 1976).

The "pièce des buffets" or "salle du billard" (1789 plan #13) occupies area that had once been the landing of the "escalier des ambassadeurs". During dinners, the billiard table would be covered with a wooden plank on which a buffet would be dressed for the king’s guests (Verlet 1985, p. 527). The room originally had a window opening onto the "cave du roi" (1789 plan III), the courtyard that was created when the "escalier des ambassadeurs" was destroyed in 1752 [During the restoration of the palace that was ordered by Louis-Philippe, the "cave du roi" was converted into a staircase.]

Occupying the site of the "cabinet des médailles" of Louis XIV is the "cabinet des jeux" (1789 plan #14) of Louis XVI. Upon the return of Louis XV and the court to Versailles, there had been a systematic rearrangement of the collections of Louis XIV that had been housed in the "petite appartement du roi", particularly the items kept in the Louis XIV's "cabinet des médailles". The collection was either reorganized in other rooms of the "petit appartement du roi" or sent to the "bibliothèque du roi" in Paris. With the destruction of the "escalier des ambassadeurs" in 1752 and the subsequent construction of the apartment for Madame Adélaïde, the "cabinet des médailles" of Louis XIV was completely transformed into an "antichambre" for Madame Adélaïde. Dating from 1775, the room was redecorated in 1785 during the construction of a theater next to the "salon d’Hercule", Louis XVI decided to remodel this room as a game room (Verlet 1985, p. 528). The "salle à manger aux salles neuves", "salle du billiard" and the "cabinet des jeux" were used for the intimate dinner parties given by Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette for their friends and selected members of the royal family.

Gallery

References

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date =1720cite book
last =* Nolhac, Pierre de
title =Versailles au XVIIIe siècle
volume =
publisher =Paris: Louis Conard
date =1926cite book
last =* Nolhac, Pierre de
title =Versailles
volume =
publisher =Paris: A. Morancé
date =1929cite book
last =* Nolhac, Pierre de
title =Versailles et la cour de France: L'Art à Versailles
volume =
publisher =Paris: Louis Conard
date =1930cite book
last =* Nolhac, Pierre de
title =La Résurrection de Versailles, souvenirs d'un conservateur, 1887-1920
volume =
publisher =Paris: Plon
date =1937cite book
last =* Petitfils, Jean-Christian
title =Louis XIV
volume =
publisher =Paris : Perrin
date =1995cite book
last =* Petitfils, Jean-Christian
title =Louis XVI
volume =
publisher =Paris: Perrin
date =2005cite book
last =* Piganiol de la Force, Jean-Aymar
title =Nouvelle description des châteaux et parcs de Versailles et Marly
volume =
publisher =Paris: Florentin de la lune
date =1701cite book
last =* Verlet, Pierre
title =Le château de Versailles
volume =
publisher =Paris: Librairie Arthème Fayard
date =1985

"Journals"

Citation
last =* Batiffol, Louis
title =Origine du château de Versailles
journal =La Revue de Paris
volume =
date =April 1909
pages =841-869Citation
last =* Baulez, Christian
title =La restauration des 'salles à manger aux salles neuves'
journal =Revue du Louvre
volume =#3
date = 1976
pages =189-196Citation
last =* Brejon de Lavergnée, Arnauld
title =Le cabinet des tableaux du Roi 1661-1685/1686
journal =Colloque de Versailles
volume =
date =1985
pages =Citation
last =* Hulftegger, Aeline
title =Notes sur la formation des collections de Louis XIV
journal =Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de l'Art français
volume =
date =1954
pages =124-134Citation
last =* Josephson, Ragnar
title =Relation de la visite de Nicodème Tessin à Marly, Versailles, Rueil, et St-Cloud en 1687
journal =Revue de l'Histoire de Versailles
volume =
date =1926
pages =150-67; 274-300Citation
last =* Kimball, Fiske
title =Unknown Versailles: The appartement du Roi, 1678-1701
journal =Gazette des Beaux-Arts
volume =6 pér., vol. 29
date =1946
pages =85-112Citation
last =* Kuraszewski, Guy
title =Pendules et barometres royaux
journal =Revue du Louvre
volume =#3
date =1976
pages =213-219Citation
last =* Le Guillou, Jean-Claude
title =La création des cabinets et des petits appartements de Louis XV au château de Versailles 1722-1738
journal =Gazette des Beaux-Arts
volume =6 pér., vol. 105
date =April 1985
pages =137-146Citation
last =* Le Guillou, Jean-Claude
title =Le Grand et le Petit Appartement de Louis XIV au château de Versailles
journal =Gazette des Beaux-Arts
volume =6 pér., vol. 108
date =July-August 1986
pages =7-22Citation
last =* Le Guillou, Jean-Claude
title =Remarques sur le corps central du château de Versailles à partir du château de Louis XIII
journal =Gazette des Beaux-Arts
volume =6 pér., vol. 87
date =February 1976
pages =49-60Citation
last =* Meyer, Daniel
title =L'appartement interieur du Roi
journal =Revue du Louvre
volume =#3
date =1976
pages =175-183Citation
last =* Meyer, Daniel
title =L'ameublement de la chambre de Louis XIV à Versailles de 1701 à nos jours
journal =Gazette des Beaux-Arts
volume =6 pér., vol. 113
date =February1989
pages =79-104Citation
last =* Rogister, John M. J
title =From Louis XV to Louis XVI: Some Thoughts on the Petits Appartements
journal =Eighteenth Century Life
volume =vol. 17, n.s., 2
date =May 1993
pages =146-166Citation
last =* Saule, Béatrix
title =Insignes du pouvoir et usages de cour à Versailles sous Louis XIV
journal =Bulletin du Centre de recherche du château de Versailles
volume =
date =Decembe 2005
url =http://crcv.revues.org/document132.htmlCitation
last =* Saule, Béatrix
title =Le premier goût du Roi à Versailles: décoration et ameublement
journal =Gazette des Beaux-Arts
volume =vol. 120
date =Octobre 1992
pages =137-148Citation
last =* Verlet, Pierre
title =L'ancien mobilier de Versailles son étude et ses méthodes
journal =Gazette des Beaux-Arts
volume =6 pér., vol. 17
date =1937
pages =179-183